不同施肥方式对玉米生育期内根际土壤酶活性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.06.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为揭示不同施肥处理及施肥方式下土壤酶活性的变化规律，通过田间试验，以单施化肥为对照，研究条施和撒施方式下4种不同微生物肥料对玉米生育期内3种主要根际土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明，土壤酶活性在玉米生育期呈现出大致相同的变化规律，土壤蔗糖酶和脲酶活性高峰出现在拔节期，土壤过氧化氢酶在成熟期活性最高；条施和撒施方式下，增施复合菌种微生物肥能提高过氧化氢酶活性，在不同时期分别较对照高出6.3%~9.0%和4.0%~10.5%；而增施解淀粉芽孢杆菌微生物肥则提高蔗糖酶和脲酶活性，在不同时期蔗糖酶活性分别较对照高出20.7%~68.0%和18.6%~37.4%；在不同时期脲酶活性分别较对照高出21.8%~30.4%和4.6%~14.4%。2种施肥方式表明，条施可以提高肥料的综合利用率，利于作物的充分吸收。综上分析表明，无机肥和微生物肥配施可以改良玉米根际土壤，提高土壤酶活和土壤肥力，有利于增强土壤可持续生产力。研究结果可为微生物肥料在玉米上的合理利用提供理论依据。

关键词: 玉米, 土壤酶活性, 微生物肥

Abstract: In order to reveal the changes of soil enzyme activities under different fertilization treatments and fertilization methods, field experiments were conducted to study the effects of four different microbial fertilizers on soil enzyme activities of three main rhizosphere during maize growth periods. The results showed that the activity of soil enzymes was similar in maize growth period. The activity of sucrase and urease reached the peak at jointing stage, and catalase activity was the highest at maturity stage. Under the lateral application and spread application methods, the mixed application of several microbial fertilizers increased the activity of catalase, while increasing application of Bacillus amylolyticus microbial fertilizer quality helped the activity of invertase and urease to be increased, and the activities of sucrase and urease were increased by 6.3%-9.0% and 4.0%-10.5%, respectively, while the activities of sucrase and urease were increased by 20.7%-68.0% and 18.6%-37.4%, respectively. Compared with the control, the activity of urease were increased by 21.8%-30.4% and 4.6%-14.4%, respectively at different stages. The fertilization methods indicated that the application of strip fertilizer could increase the comprehensive utilization rate of fertilizers and facilitated the full absorption of crops. The research results reflected that the combined application of inorganic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer could improve the rhizosphere soil of maize, increase soil enzyme activity and soil fertility, which enhanced the sustainable productivity of soil. Therefore, the research results could provide a theoretical basis for rational utilization of microbial fertilizers on maize.

Key words: Maize, Soil enzyme activity, Microbial fertilizer

中图分类号:

S144

刘雷, 王梦亮, 王俊红, 高小音. 不同施肥方式对玉米生育期内根际土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(6): 199-204. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.06.027.

LIU Lei, WANG Mengliang, WANG Junhong, GAO Xiaoyin. Study on the Activities of Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme in Different Fertilization Modes During Maize Growth[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2018, 33(6): 199-204. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.06.027.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2018/V33/I6/199

参考文献

[1] 杨招弟, 蔡立群, 张仁陟, 等. 不同耕作方式对旱地土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2008,39(3):514-517.
[2] Li J, Pu L, Han M, et al. Soil salinization research in China:advances and prospects[J]. Journal of Geographical Sciences, 2014, 24(5):943-960.
[3] Zhang X, Dong W, Dai X, et al. Responses of absolute and specific soil enzyme activities to long term additions of organic and mineral fertilizer[J]. Sci Total Environ, 2015, 536:59-67.
[4] 库永丽, 徐国益, 赵骅, 等. 腐植酸复合微生物肥料对高龄猕猴桃果园土壤改良及果实品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(3):167-175.
[5] Oleszczuk P, Josko I, Futa B, et al. Effect of pesticides on microorganisms, enzymatic activity and plant in biochar-amended soil[J]. Geoderma, 2014, 214:10-18.
[6] 关松荫. 土壤酶及其研究法[M]. 北京:农业出版社, 1983:9.
[7] 赵晓东,谢英荷,李廷亮,等. 不同种植方式对旱地麦田土壤酶活性及小麦产量的影响[J]. 山西农业科学, 2014, 42(8):838-841.
[8] Bending G D, Turner M K, Rayns F, et al. Microbial and biochemical soil quality indicators and their potential for differentiating areas under contrasting agricultural management regimes[J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2004, 36(11):1785-1792.
[9] Paudel B R, Udawatta R P, Anderson S H. Agroforestry and grass buffer effects on soil quality parameters for grazed pasture and row-crop systems[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2011, 48(2):125-132.
[10] 兰宇, 韩晓日, 杨劲峰, 等. 长期不同施肥棕壤玉米地酶活性的时空变化[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2011, 17(5):1197-1204.
[11] Petra M. Structure and functional of the soil microbial community in a long-time fertilizer experiment[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 2003,35:453-461.
[12] Bendinga G D, Turnera M K. Microbial and biochemical soil quality indicators and their potential for differentiating areas under contrasting agricultural management regimes[J]. Soil Biology &Biochemistry, 2004, 36:1785-1792.
[13] 孙甜田, 范作伟, 彭畅, 等. 长期定位施肥对玉米生育期内土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2015, 23(3):112-118.
[14] 张继光, 秦江涛, 要文倩, 等. 长期施肥对红壤旱地土壤活性有机碳和酶活性的影响[J]. 土壤, 2010, 42(3):364-371.
[15] 汤桂容, 周旋, 田昌, 等. 有机无机氮肥配施对典型菜地土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(4):129-136.
[16] Garcia-Gil J C, Plaza C, Soler-Rovira P, et al. Long-term effects of municipal solid waste compost application on soil enzyme activities and microbial biomass[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2000, 32(13):1907-1913.
[17] Olander L P, Vitousek P M. Regulation of soil phosphatase and chitinase activity by N and P availability[J]. Biogeochemistry, 2000, 49:175-190.
[18] 邱莉萍, 刘军, 和文祥, 等. 长期培肥对土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2003,21(4):44-47.
[19] 周东兴,李磊,李晶, 等. 玉米/大豆轮作下不同施肥处理对土壤微生物生物量及酶活性的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(6):1856-1864.
[20] 李军, 辛晓通, 李嘉琦, 等. 玉米-大豆轮作条件下长期定位施肥对土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2015,46(4):417-423.
[21] 李明松, 张洪梅, 朱平, 等. 不同施肥处理对农田黑土土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 玉米科学, 2017, 25(5):116-121.
[22] 马守臣, 张紧紧, 冯荣成, 等. 深耕和施用有机肥对麦田土壤微环境的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2014, 29(4):192-197.
[23] 王冬梅, 王春枝, 韩晓日, 等. 长期施肥对棕壤主要酶活性的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2006, 37(2):263-267.
[24] 张茜, 张小梅, 梁斌, 等. 长期定位施肥对设施番茄土壤酶活性及土壤养分动态变化的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(1):179-186.
[25] Brockett B F T, Prescott C E, Grayston S J. Soil moisture is the major factor influencing microbial community structure and enzyme activities across seven biogeoclimatic zones in western Canada[J]. Soil Biol Biochem, 2012, 44(1):9-20.
[26] Qi R, Li J, Lin Z, et al.Temperature effects on soil organic carbon, soil labile organic carbon fractions, and soil enzyme activities under long-term fertilization regimes[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2016, 102:36-45.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容