摘要： 为确定黄土高原雨养农田高产栽培的适宜播期，于2013-2015年选用运旱20410作为试验材料，设置休闲期深松（SS）、传统耕作（CK）2个耕作方式，设9月20日（早播，D1）、10月1日（中播，D2）、10月10日（晚播，D3）3个播期，分析休闲期深松条件下不同播期对土壤蓄水量、干物质累积的影响。结果表明，休闲期深松有利于提高各生育时期土壤蓄水量、各生育阶段干物质累积量及累积速率、花前各器官干物质累积量、产量。休闲期深松条件下，越冬期-孕穗期土壤蓄水量以中播处理最高，以早播处理最低；而开花后土壤蓄水量以中播处理最低。中播处理可显著提高各阶段干物质累积量、累积速率。休闲期深松条件下，中播处理较早、晚播显著提高产量5%～10%。对照条件下，中播处理较早、晚播处理显著提高产量9%～11%。开花期不同器官中干物质累积量大小表现为茎秆 > 叶片 > 穗。产量的形成与花后干物质累积量的关系更为密切。叶片、茎秆+叶鞘干物质累积量与产量呈线性关系，且正相关，颖壳＋穗轴干物质累积量与产量呈抛物线关系。总之，休闲期深松配套10月1日播种有利于改善土壤水分，提高干物质累积转运，从而实现增产。

关键词: 休闲期深松, 播期, 干物质累积, 产量

Abstract: To determine the appropriate sowing date of high-yielding cultivation in Yuncheng Area of Shanxi Province, the experiment was conducted in the wheat growing season of 2013-2015 under two tillage subsoiling (SS)and traditional tillage (CK), and September 20 (early sowing date, D₁), October 1 (conventional sowing date, D₂), October 10 (late sowing date, D₃)three sowing date study the effects of SS on the water changes of soil and contribution of dry matter accumulation and remobilization to yield and the adjusting effects of sowing dates. The results showed that the soil water storage was increased under SS in fallow period at different growth stages. Adoption of SS obviously improved dry matter weight, dry matter accumulation and at different growth stages, yield. In fallow period, the soil water storage was the highest under D₂ treatment between winter to booting stage and the lowest under D₁ treatment; the soil water storage was the lowest after anthesis under D₂ treatment. D₂ treatment could significantly increase the dry matter accumulation and accumulation rate in each stage. The yields were significantly increased by 5%-10% under D₂ treatment under the condition of subsoiling during the fallow period. Under the control conditions, the D₂ treatment significantly increased the yield by 9% to 11%. The dry matter accumulation in different organs at anthesis stage showed stem > leaf > ear. The formation of yield was more closely related to the dry matter accumulation after anthesis. The leaf and stems + sheaths dry matter accumulation showed a linearly relationship with the yield and it was positively correlated. The accumulation of dry matter in the glume + spike was parabolic with yield. The dry matter accumulation of ears was significantly parabolic correlated with the yield. In short, subsoiling during the fallow period plus the sowing date of October 1 was beneficial to promote that storage of soil water moisture and increasing dry matter accumulation and translocation, thereby increasing the yield of wheat.

Key words: Subsoiling during fallow period, Sowing date, Dry matter accumulation, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S512.01