摘要： 为了探索移栽期对水稻不同生育期生长发育的影响，优选适宜的移栽期和水稻品种，以扬两优6号、深两优5814、冈优1237、宜香优1577、Ⅱ优1259为试验材料，分别于四叶期和六叶期移栽，设置扬两优6号（4叶）、深两优5814（4叶）、冈优1237（4叶）、宜香优1577（4叶）、Ⅱ优1259（4叶）、扬两优6号（6叶）、深两优5814（6叶）、冈优1237（6叶）、宜香优1577（6叶）、Ⅱ优1259（6叶）10个处理，进行大田试验，研究各处理农艺性状、碳氮化合物动态变化规律。结果表明，六叶期移栽的水稻营养生长期株高、叶面积指数（LAI）、干物质积累量较低，每平方米有效穗数和理论产量均低于四叶期移栽处理。在移栽后90 d和抽穗期，四叶期移栽的冈优1237、宜香优1577、Ⅱ优1259株高高于其他品种。四叶期移栽的冈优1237、宜香优1577在栽后75，90 d的LAI较高，进入抽穗期，下降最多，分别比栽后90 d下降40.0%和32.7%；栽后90 d，四叶期移栽的宜香优1577鲜质量极显著高于其他品种，其干质量显著高于其他品种。各个生长期，四叶期移栽的冈优1237茎秆中可溶性糖含量最高，其次为宜香优1577；四叶期移栽的宜香优1577茎秆中氮含量、每平方米有效穗数、结实率和理论产量均高于其他品种，其理论产量高于宜香优1577（6叶）32.2%，其次为冈优1237（4叶）。栽后90 d和抽穗期的株高、干质量、可溶性糖与每平方米有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量、理论产量呈正相关，抽穗期LAI与各产量因素呈负相关，与理论产量相关系数为-0.779，达到极显著水平。综上，栽后90 d和抽穗期，四叶期移栽的宜香优1577和冈优1237的株高、LAI、干鲜质量、碳氮化合物和产量指标表现较好，且抽穗期LAI下降幅度最大，有效地分配光合产物，增加水稻产量，因此，选择在四叶期移栽宜香优1577和冈优1237，更有利于实现高产的目标。

关键词: 水稻, 移栽期, 生长发育, 产量

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of transplanting periods on growth and yield of rice and optimize the suitable transplanting date and rice varieties, the dynamic change laws of agronomic traits, carbonitride and yield factors of rice were analyzed using Yangliangyou 6, Shenliangyou 5814, Gangyou 1237, Yixiangyou 1577 andⅡyou 1259 as the experiment materials. Two transplanting periods for each of the five varieties were set up:4 leaf stage and 6 leaf stage. The results showed that the plant height, LAI and dry matter accumulation in vegetative growth stage, as well as the spike number per square meter and theoretical yield at mature stage were lower in 6 leaf transplanting treatments than in 4 leaf transplanting treatments. For the 4 leaf transplanting treatment, the plant height of Gangyou 1237, Yixiangyou 1577 and Ⅱyou 1259 were higher than that of other varieties at 90 days after planting and heading stage, and the LAI of Gangyou 1237 and Yixiangyou 1577 were also higher at 75 d and 90 d after planting, which quickly decreased substantially at heading stage, 40.0% and 32.7% lower, respectively, compared with that at 90 d after planting.At 90 d after planting, the fresh of Yixiangyou 1577 transplanted at 4 leaf stage was extremely significantly higher than those of other varieties, and its dry weights was significantly higher than other varieties.In the growth stage, the soluble sugar content of Gangyou 1237 transplanted at 4 leaf stage was the highest, followed by Yixiangyou 1577. The nitrogen content, mature spike number per square meter, seed setting rate and theoretical yield of Yixiangyou 1577 transplanted at 4 leaf stage were higher than those of other varieties, and its theoretical yield was 32.2% higher than that of Yixiangyou 1577 (6 leaf), followed by Gangyou 1237 (4 leaf). The plant height, dry weight and soluble sugar were positively correlated with mature spike number per square meter, grain number per spike, 1000-grain weight and theoretical yield at 90 d after planting and heading stage. LAI at heading stage was negatively correlated with yield factors, and its correlation coefficient with theoretical yield was-0.779, reaching the extremely significant level. In summary, the plant height, LAI, dry fresh quality, carbon nitrogen compound and yield index of Yixiangyou 1577 and Gangyou 1237 transplanted at 4 leaf stage were better at 90 d after planting and heading stage. To distribute photosynthetic products effectively and increase the grain yield, the LAI decreased greatly at heading stage. Therefore, Yixiangyou 1577 and Gangyou 1237 should be transplanted at 4 leaf stage so as to achieve the high yield of rice.

Key words: Rice, Transplanting periods, Growth and development, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S511