摘要： 为探讨玉米不同部位生物量和养分含量大小及饲用品质的高低，于2016年在四川农业大学雅安农场进行，以川单428为试验材料，研究了不同氮用量（0，90，180，270，360 kg/hm²，分别记为N₀、N₁、N₂、N₃、N₄）下玉米不同部位生物量、养分含量及饲用品质。结果表明，总体上，玉米茎、叶和籽粒生物量随着施氮量的增加有先增加后降低的趋势，并在N₂时达最大，相比N₀分别增加34.9%，28.0%和107.3%；玉米叶鞘、苞叶和芯的生物量随着施氮量的增加有增加的趋势，在N₄时达最大，相比N₀分别增加28.7%，102.1%和69.4%。施氮显著提高了玉米秸秆不同部位氮含量，降低了磷、钾含量。施氮显著提高了玉米不同部位粗蛋白（CP）含量，降低了中性洗涤纤维含量（NDF）和酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）含量，但当施氮量高于N₂或N₃时，玉米茎、叶和芯NDF含量有些略微升高，玉米茎、叶、苞叶和芯ADF含量有升高的趋势。同一施氮处理内，在施氮量为90 kg/hm²及以上时，玉米不同部位间生物量大小依次表现为籽粒 > 茎 > 叶 > 芯 > 苞叶 > 叶鞘。综上所述，适量施氮有利于提高玉米产量，改善玉米品质，本研究条件下，玉米施氮量以180 kg/hm²为宜。

关键词: 玉米, 氮用量, 生物量, 养分吸收, 饲用品质

Abstract: In order to explore the biomass,nutrient content and feeding quality of different organs of maize,the experiment was carried out in Ya'an farm of Sichuan Agricultural University in 2016.The experimental maize material is Chuandan 428 and we applied with different nitrogen application(0,90,180,270,360 kg/ha)which can be marked orderly with these names(N₀,N₁,N₂,N₃,N₄),the yield,nutrient uptake and forage quality in different organs of maize had been studied.The results indicated that,as a whole,the biomass in stem,leaf and grain firstly increased and then decreased with the increasing nitrogen application,it reached maximum under the N₂ level,when compared with N₀ level,it increased by 34.9%,28.0% and 107.3% respectively;the biomass in sheath,bract,and core had increase trends,under the N₄ level,it reached maximum,when compared with N₀ level,it increased by 28.7%,102.1% and 69.4% respectively.Nitrogen application improved nitrogen contents in each organ of the maize straw significantly and lowered their phosphorus and potassium contents.As for the content of crude protein(CP),neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),nitrogen application brought significant improvement of CP content and reduction in NDF and ADF content,however,when the nitrogen dosage become higher than N₂ or N₃,the NDF content in stems,leaves and core showed a little increase and the ADF content in stems,leaves,bracts and cores had an increase trend.Within the same nitrogen treatment,the nitrogen dosage was 90 kg/ha and above,the biomass was in this order as follows:grain > stem > leaf > core > bract > sheath.Above all,a moderate nitrogen application can improve maize yield and its quality.In this research,180 kg/ha for maize is advisable.

Key words: Maize, Nitrogen application, Biomass, Nutrient absorption, Forage quality

中图分类号: 

• S143.1