绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对马铃薯土壤环境及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2017.03.035

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为测定膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯全生育期内不同调亏水平土壤养分、土壤水热动态、生长动态、产量效应和水分利用效率，于2016年在河西荒漠绿洲灌区民乐县益民灌溉试验站开展了马铃薯不同生育阶段水分调亏灌溉的试验研究，结果表明，马铃薯膜下滴灌调亏土壤水热变化均匀且利用率高，有利于马铃薯对土壤养分的充分吸收和利用；土壤养分是土壤肥力的核心，是植物在生长发育过程中不可或缺的重要因素，膜下滴灌调亏栽培能有效减少土壤速效养分的流失，并提高马铃薯对土壤速效养分的利用效率；不同生育阶段马铃薯耗水量受水分调亏程度影响较大，其耗水量随调亏程度增大而显著减少（P <0.05），水分调亏处理马铃薯全生育期总耗水量均低于全生育期充分灌水CK处理。块茎形成期轻度水分亏缺马铃薯水分利用效率、灌溉水利用效率、生物量均达到最大，较全生育期充分灌水显著提高29.04%，33.22%，6.59%。因此，块茎形成期轻度水分亏缺灌溉方式能使马铃薯根区土壤始终保持湿润状态，有效减少渗漏损失和植株间无效蒸发损失，改善土壤水、肥和热量状况，有利于提高作物水分利用效率，且不显著降低马铃薯最终产量。

关键词: 马铃薯, 产量, 调亏灌溉, 土壤养分, 水分利用

Abstract: In this paper,the experimental study of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) of potato at different growth stages was carried out at Yimin Irrigation Experimental Station in Minle County in Hexi Oasis Region in 2016. The soil nutrient and soil water and heat in the different growth stages dynamics,growth dynamics,yield effects and water use efficiency were measured. The results showed that the water deficit of potato under drip irrigation was uniform and the utilization rate was high,which was beneficial to the full absorption and utilization of soil nutrient. The soil nutrient was the core of soil fertility and plant was indispensable in the growth and development.Regulated deficit irrigation under plastic film drip irrigation could effectively reduce the loss of soil available nutrients and improved the utilization efficiency of soil available nutrients.The water consumption of potato in different growing stages was affected by the degree of water deficit and the amount of water consumption decreased significantly with the increase of water deficit. The water consumption of potato during the whole growth period with regulation of water deficit was lower than that of full irrigation.It was found that the water use efficiency, irrigation water use efficiency and biomass of the potato were the highest during the tuber formation withslightly water-deficient (WD1), which was 29.04%, 33.22% and 6.59% higher than that of full irrigation all the time (CK control) significantly. Therefore,the mild water deficit irrigation in the tuber formation stage could keep the soil in the potato root area moist all the time,effectively reduce the leakage loss and the evaporation loss between the plants,improve the soil water,fertilizer and heat status,and improve the crop water use efficiency,without significantly reducing the final yield of potatoes.

Key words: Potato, Yield, Regulated deficit irrigation, Soil nutrients, Water use

中图分类号:

薛道信, 张恒嘉, 巴玉春, 张明, 王世杰. 绿洲膜下滴灌调亏对马铃薯土壤环境及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(3): 229-238. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.03.035.

XUE Daoxin, ZHANG Hengjia, BA Yuchun, ZHANG Ming, WANG Shijie. Effects of Regulated Deficit Irrigation on Soil Environment and Yield of Potato under Drip Irrigation in Oasis Region[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2017, 32(3): 229-238. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.03.035.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2017/V32/I3/229

参考文献

[1] 林叶春,胡跃高,曾昭海. 不同节水措施对马铃薯生长及水分利用的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(1):54-60.
[2] Schapendonk A H C M,Spitters C J T,Groot P J. Effects of water stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of five potato cultivars[J].Potato Research,1989,32(1):17-32.
[3] 林叶春,张丹,肖银梅. 西北地区马铃薯节水种植制度的发展[J]. 中国农学通报,2010,26(4):99-103.
[4] Lynch D R,Foroud N,Kozub G C,et al. The effect of moisture stress at three growth stages on the yield,components of yield and processing quality of eight potato cultivars[J].American Journal of Potato Research,1995,72(6):375-386.
[5] Eldredge E P,Holmes Z A,Mosley A R,et al. Effects of transitory water stress on potato tube stem-endreducing sugar and fry color[J]. American Potato Journal,1996,73(11):517-530.
[6] Van Loon C D. The effect of water stress on potato growth,development,and yield[J]. American Potato Journal,1981,58(1):51-69.
[7] 王凤新,康跃虎,刘士平.滴灌条件下马铃薯耗水规律和需水量的研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2005,23(1):9-15.
[8] 杨晓婷,张恒嘉,张明,等. 灌水频率与灌水量对南瓜耗水特征与水生产力的影响[J]. 华北农学报,2016,31(4):192-198.
[9] 张恒嘉,李晶. 绿洲膜下滴灌调亏马铃薯光合生理特性与水分利用[J]. 农业机械学报,2013,44(10):143-151.
[10] 丁林,金彦兆,王文娟,等. 民勤绿洲膜下滴灌洋葱节水高产灌溉制度[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2016,34(4):46-54.
[11] 杨会颖,刘海军,李艳,等. 膜下滴灌条件下土壤基质势对辣椒产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(1):54-60.
[12] 张振华,蔡焕杰,杨润亚,等. 膜下滴灌棉花产量和品质与作物缺水指标的关系研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2005,21(6):26-29.
[13] 刘战东,肖俊夫,刘祖贵,等. 膜下滴灌不同灌水处理对玉米形态、耗水量及产量的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报,2011,30(3):60-64.
[14] 王玉明,张子义,樊明寿. 马铃薯膜下滴灌节水及生产效率的初步研究[J]. 中国马铃薯,2009,23(3):148-151.
[15] Hou X Y,Wang F X,Han J,et al. Duration of plastic mulch for potato growth under drip irrigation in an arid region of northwest China[J]. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2010,150(1):115-121.
[16] 李炫臻,张恒嘉,邓浩亮,等. 膜下滴灌调亏对绿洲马铃薯生物量分配、产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 华北农学报,2015,30(5):223-231.
[17] 黄彩霞,施坰林. 不同灌水量对加工型马铃薯产量及生态生理指标的影响[J]. 灌溉排水学报,2008,27(5):97-99.
[18] 庄健元,成自勇,韩辉生,等.麦草覆盖免耕栽培马铃薯调亏灌溉技术试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2010,28(6):7-11.
[19] 康绍忠,梁银丽,蔡焕杰,等. 旱区水-土-作物关系及其最优调控原理[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,1998.
[20] 李春喜,陈惠婷,马守臣,等.不同耕作措施对麦田土壤碳储量和作物水氮利用效率的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(4):220-226.
[21] 王和洲,张晓萍.调亏灌溉条件下的作物水分生态生理研究进展[J].灌溉排水,2001,20(4):73-75.
[22] 蔡焕杰,康绍忠,张振华,等. 作物调亏灌溉的适宜时间与调亏程度的研究[J]. 农业工程学报,2000,16(3):24-27.
[23] 康绍忠,蔡焕杰. 作物根系分区交替灌溉和调亏灌溉的理论与实践[M]. 北京:中国农业出版社,2002.
[24] 张恒嘉. 荒漠绿洲小麦玉米灌溉农田水生产力研究[M]. 兰州:甘肃科学技术出版社,2012.
[25] 韩永玲. 青薯168的特征特性及标准化栽培技术[J]. 现代农业科技,2010(24):129-129.
[26] 康跃虎,王凤新,刘士平,等.滴灌调控土壤水分对马铃薯生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(2):66-72.
[27] 韩占江,于振文,王东,等.调亏灌溉对冬小麦耗水特性和水分利用效率的影响[J].应用生态学报,2009,20(11):2671-2677.
[28] 万信,李巧珍,方德彪,等. 一种马铃薯叶面积校正系数的确定方法[J]. 资源科学,2012,34(8):1533-1537.
[29] Ledoigt G,Griffaut B,Debiton E,et al. Analysis of secreted protease inhibitors after water stress in potato tubers[J]. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,2006,38(3/5):268-271.
[30] 宋家宝. 灌溉条件下早熟马铃薯施钾肥增产效果研究[J].中国马铃薯,2004,18(2):86-87.
[31] 康跃虎,王凤新,刘士平,等.滴灌调控土壤水分对马铃薯生长的影响[J].农业工程学报,2004,20(2):66-72.
[32] 王秀康,李占斌,邢英英.覆膜和施肥对玉米产量和土壤温度、硝态氮分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2015,21(4):884-897.
[33] 雷舜,王抄抄,黄炎,等. 分蘖期控制灌溉对土温及水稻干物质积累等的影响[J]. 华北农学报,2016,31(2):153-158.
[34] 汤瑛芳,高世铭,王亚红,等. 旱地马铃薯不同覆盖种植方式的土壤水热效应及其对产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):13.
[35] 李明思. 膜下滴灌灌水技术参数对土壤水热盐动态和作物水分利用的影响[D]. 杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2006.
[36] Ramakrishna A,Tam H M,Wani S P,et al. Effect of mulch on soil temperature,moisture,weed infestation and yield of groundnut in Northern Vietnam[J]. Field Crops Research,2006,95(2/3):115-125.
[37] 杜嘉. 绿洲灌区马铃薯膜下滴灌调亏及灌溉制度优化[D]. 兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.
[38] 王东,卢健,秦舒浩,等. 沟垄和覆膜连作种植对马铃薯生长、产量及品质的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2015,31(7):28-32.
[39] 唐宏亮,刘龙,郭虹. 玉米和大豆根系吸收土壤磷的模型验证研究[J]. 华北农学报,2016,31(1):186-190.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容