摘要： 利用大田试验研究了有机肥C/N优化及钾肥运筹对烤烟钾吸收及香气品质的影响。采用裂区试验设计，主处理为利用猪厩肥与腐熟花生饼肥混合配制不同碳氮比（m：m）的有机肥，设3个C水平，C1：饼肥420 kg/hm²，猪厩肥2 250 kg/hm²；C2：饼肥300 kg/hm²，猪厩肥3 750 kg/hm²；C3：180 kg/hm²，5 250 kg/hm²；副处理为3个K（K₂O）水平，K_低：120 kg/hm²；K_中：240 kg/hm²；K_高：480 kg/hm²。结果表明：C1、C3水平时，随钾用量增加中部叶生物量增加，K_高处理上部叶生物量高于K_低；C3水平时，供钾量对上、中部叶生物量无显著影响；C2水平时，钾量增加提高烟叶生物量；相同碳水平时，随生育进程烟叶钾含量呈降低趋势，随钾量增加呈增加趋势；相同钾供应下，C1、C2对烟叶钾含量无显著性影响；现蕾期、成熟期时，与C1相比，K_中、K_高处理时C2水平增加烟叶钾含量，而C3水平降低烟叶钾含量。不同部位烟叶钾含量为C2 > C3 > C1处理；解钾菌在团棵期-旺长期呈增加趋势，现蕾期-成熟期呈降低趋势；K_中、K_高处理解钾菌高于K_低处理；C2水平时，K_中、K_高处理解钾菌随生育期呈增加趋势，且C2水平时K_中、K_高处理显著高于其他处理时；K_中、K_高时C3与C1处理时无显著差异，显著高于K_低处理；各处理烟叶常规化学成分在C2处理时K_中、K_高处理中部叶总糖含量25.39%~25.27%，还原糖22.75%~25.73%，总氮1.67%~1.72%，氮碱比0.79，糖碱比10.78~11.80，烟碱含量2.11%~2.18%，表明有机肥碳氮比优化下，钾肥用量增加提高了烟叶中总烟碱、蛋白质及总氮量，改善糖碱比及优化氮碱比值，增加烟叶中钾离子含量；所有处理烟叶中性致香物质种类相同（28种），K_低处理其总量低于K_中、K_高处理，且部位间差异显著；上部叶总量低于中部叶；K_中、K_高处理提高烟叶致香物质总量，C2处理上部叶提高幅度最大。由此可见，通过花生饼肥300 kg/hm²与猪厩肥3 750 kg/hm²（中碳水平）的碳氮比优化下，施钾量增加对提高烟叶中性致香物质效果最佳，特别对上部叶。

关键词: 有机肥, 碳氮比, 钾肥运筹, 化学成分, 香气物质

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in tobacco,to study the effect of K application on K content and aroma quality of leaves of flue-cured tobacco under the optimization of C/N with organic fertilizer.The results showed that:In the C3 or C1 level,the biomass of central leaf increased along with the increase of K application;The biomass of upper leaf in high K application was higher than that in low potassium;K application had no significant effect on the biomass of central and upper leaf in C3 level,and increased the biomass of leaf in C2 level;In the same C level,the content of K in leaf had the lower trend along with the growth period,and increased with the increase of K application;Under the same K application,C2 and C1 had no significant effect on K content of leaf;At the budding and mature period,compared with C1,in the medium and high K application,C levels increased K content of leaf,and the lower content of K in C3 level.K content of different parts of leaf was C2 > C3 > C1 level;The number of K bacteria showed an increasing trend from the rosette stage to vigorous growing period and a decreasing trend from bud period to mature period;The number of K bacteria in medium and high K application was higher than that in low K application;In the C2 level,the number of K bacteria in medium and high K application showed an increasing trend with the growth process,and those was significantly higher than other treatment;There was no significant difference in C3 and C1 between medium and high K application,but it was significantly higher than that in low K application;The chemical components of leaves treated with C2 level was higher between medium and high K application,which the total sugar content of the leaves was 25.39%-25.27%,reducing sugar was 22.75%-25.73%, total nitrogen was 1.67%-1.72%, nitrogen base ratio was of 0.79, sugar nicotine ratio was of 10.78-11.80, nicotine content was of 2.11%-2.18%,which showed that the application of K increased the content of total nitrogen,nic otine and protein,improved the ratio of sugar to nicotine,nitrogen base ratio,and increased the potassium content of tobacco leaf;The neutral aroma substances of 28 species in tobacco leaves was found in all treatments,and the total amount of low K application was lower than that of medium and high K application,and the difference was significant between the position of leaves;The upper leaf was lower than that in the middle leaves in the total amount;and the application of medium and high K increased the total amount of aroma substances,and the maximum amplitude in the upper leaves was found with C2 level.It can be seen,under the optimization of medium carbon(C/N ratio),the increased of K application was the best on the effect of neutral aroma substances in tobacco leaves,especially for the upper leaves.

Key words: Organic fertilizer, The ratio of C/N, K application, Chemical compounds, Neutral aroma components

中图分类号: 

• S143