不同有机肥对旱直播水稻干物质积累和产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191573

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究不同有机肥对旱直播水稻产量和干物质转运的规律，于2018年和2019年，以龙粳31为试验材料，在旱直播条件下比较了零肥（T0，对照）、常规施肥（T1，对照）、生物炭+常规施肥（T2）、海藻生物肥+常规施肥（T3）、凹凸棒有机肥+常规施肥（T4）、腐熟有机肥+常规施肥（T5）6种肥料处理下水稻的干物质积累、产量和产量构成的差异。结果表明：与T1相比，T3、T4、T5不同程度地提高了水稻齐穗期上三叶叶面积指数，而T2呈相反趋势；综合2 a水稻齐穗期-成熟期群体干物质量，与T1相比，水稻齐穗期T3、T4、T5处理平均增幅12.03%，5.07%，3.36%，T2降低14.73%，水稻成熟期群体干物质量，T3、T4、T5与T1之间差异虽不显著，但T3、T4、T5均表现不同程度大于T1的趋势，T2则降低14.11%；与T1相比，T3、T4、T5改善了齐穗期-成熟期群体结构，提高了叶和茎鞘的输出量、输出率和转化率，T2呈相反趋势；与T1相比，T3、T4、T5处理水稻实测产量平均分别增产4.40%，2.70%，2.98%，T2降低11.02%，通过产量构成分析发现，T3、T4、T5处理可有效提高每平方米穗数，但不利于穗粒数的提高，相关分析表明，产量与每平方米穗数呈极显著正相关关系，与穗粒数和千粒质量呈正相关关系，而与结实率呈极显著负相关关系。综上所述，施用海藻生物有机肥、凹凸棒有机肥和腐熟有机肥能有效提高旱直播水稻分蘖，增加穗数，改善齐穗期-成熟期群体结构，提高了叶面积指数和群体干物质量，促进叶和茎鞘物质输出和转化，最终使旱直播水稻产量得到提升。

关键词: 水稻, 旱直播, 有机肥, 干物质, 产量

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of different organic fertilizers on yield and dry matter transport of dry direct-seeding rice, Longjing 31 was used as experimental material in 2018 and 2019.Under the condition of dry direct-seeding, zero fertilizer (T0,control), conventional fertilization (T1, control), biochar+conventional fertilization (T2), seaweed biological fertilizer+conventional fertilization (T3), attapulgite organic fertilizer+conventional fertilization (T4), and decomposed organic fertilizer+conventional fertilization (T5) were compared and dry matter accumulation, yield, and yield composition were studied.Compared with T1, T3, T4 and T5 increased the leaf area index of the upper three leaves of rice at the full heading stage, while T2 showed the opposite trend; based on the dry matter weight of rice population from full heading stage to maturity stage in two years, compared with T1, T3, T4 and T5 average increased by 12.03%, 5.07% and 3.36%, and T2 average decreased by 14.73% at full heading stage. The dry matter weight of the rice population at maturity stage was not significantly different from T3, T4, T5 and T1, but T3, T4, T5 all showed different degrees of trends greater than T1, and T2 decreased by 14.11%; compared with T1, T3, T4, and T5 improved the population structure from full heading stage to maturity stage, and increased the output, output rate and transformation rate of leaf and stem-sheath, T2 showed the opposite trend; compared with T1, the actual yield of T3, T4, and T5 treatments increased by 4.40%, 2.70%, 2.98%, respectively, and T2 decreased by 11.02%. Through the analysis of yield composition, it was found that T3, T4, and T5 treatments effectively increased the number of panicles per square meter and decreased grain number per panicle. Correlation analysis showed that yield had a very significant positive correlation with the number of panicles per square meter, grain number per panicle and 1000-grain weight, and a very significant negative correlation with seed setting rate. In summary, the application of seaweed bio-organic fertilizer, attapulgite organic fertilizer effectively increased the tillering of dry direct-seedling rice, increased the number of panicles, improved the population structure from full heading stage to maturity stage, and increased the leaf area index and population dry matter weight, and promoted the dry matter output and transformation of leaf and stem-sheath, and ultimately increased the yield of dry direct-seedling rice.

Key words: Rice, Dry direct-seeding, Organic fertilizer, Dry matter, Yield

中图分类号:

S141
S511.01

徐令旗, 郭晓红, 兰宇辰, 崔致远, 张佳柠, 吕艳东. 不同有机肥对旱直播水稻干物质积累和产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(2): 188-195. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191573.

XU Lingqi, GUO Xiaohong, LAN Yuchen, CUI Zhiyuan, ZHANG Jianing, Lü Yandong. Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Dry Direct-seeding Rice[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(2): 188-195. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191573.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/I2/188

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