施用生物有机肥对番茄果实品质及土壤生物学特性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20191308

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明生物有机肥完全替代化肥种植设施番茄对番茄果实及土壤生物学特性的影响，采用生理生化手段和高通量测序技术相结合，分析连续4 a施用生物有机肥对番茄果实品质、土壤养分含量及微生物群落结构的调节作用。结果表明，以含高效固氮菌生物有机肥替代化学肥料种植番茄，番茄果实的糖酸比、Vc和番茄红素含量分别显著提高了11.1%，7.2%，12.4%。土壤养分测定发现，该生物有机肥中所含高效固氮菌的固氮量可完全满足番茄生长所需的氮素营养，且与常规施肥相比，土壤有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量分别显著提高147.0%，38.8%，35.6%。高通量分析发现，设施番茄土壤连续4 a施用该生物有机肥，可提高土壤链霉菌属、尿素芽孢杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属等益生菌的相对丰度，其中对阿氏芽孢杆菌的激活效应显著。此外，连续4 a施用生物有机肥种植设施番茄，土壤微生物的Coverage和Simpson指数均高于常规施肥对照，表明其可在一定程度上提高土壤微生物的覆盖度和优势度。由此可见，连续施用含高效固氮菌生物有机肥有助于改善番茄果实品质，培肥地力，提高土壤益生菌的优势度。

关键词: 番茄品质, 生物有机肥, 土壤养分, 微生物多样性, 土壤改良

Abstract: To ascertain the effect of applying bio-organic fertilizer for 4 consecutive years on tomato fruit and soil biological characteristics, physiological and biochemical methods and high-throughput sequencing technology were combined to analyze its regulation effect on tomato fruit quality, soil nutrient content and microbial community structure.The results showed that,with chemical fertilizer replaced by bioorganic fertilizer, the sugar acid ratio, content of Vc and lycopene of tomatoes were significantly increased by 11.1%, 7.2% and 12.4% respectively. Soil nutrient measurement exhibited that, the high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria contained in bioorganic fertilizer could meet the nitrogen demand of tomato growth, and soil available phosphorus, available potassium and organic matter content were significantly increased by 147.0%, 38.8% and 35.6% respectively. High-throughput sequencing showed that, application of bioorganic fertilizer for four consecutive years could improve the relative abundance of soil Streptomyces, Ureibacillus and Bacillus, among which the activation effect on B. asahii was most significant. In addition,Coverage and Simpson index of tomato-planted soil microbial treated by bioorganic fertilizer for four consecutive years were both higher than those treated by common chemical fertilizer, which indicated that the bioorganic fertilizer containing high-efficiency nitrogen-fixing bacteria could improve soil microbe coverage and dominance to some extent. Obviously, continuous application of bioorganic fertilizer is helpful to improve tomatoes fruit quality, soil fertility and soil micro-ecological environment.

Key words: Tomatoes quality, Bioorganic fertilizer, Soil nutrient, Microbe diversity, Soil improvement

中图分类号:

S141

姜莉莉, 王开运, 武玉国, 王开元, 王红艳. 施用生物有机肥对番茄果实品质及土壤生物学特性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(6): 141-147. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191308.

JIANG Lili, WANG Kaiyun, WU Yuguo, WANG Kaiyuan, WANG Hongyan. Effect of Application of Bioorganic Fertilizer on Tomatoes Fruit Quality and Soil Biological Characteristics[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(6): 141-147. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191308.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I6/141

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