有机无机肥料配合施用对设施黄瓜产量、氮素累积及硝酸盐淋溶的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2015.04.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在不同的施肥模式下,探讨有机无机配合施用对设施黄瓜产量、氮素吸收、硝态氮在土壤中的累积和淋溶的影响,明确在设施条件下黄瓜种植过程中有机肥和氮肥的最佳配施量。通过田间小区试验,结合原位土渗漏装置,进行植株、土壤和渗漏水的采集和测定进行研究。结果表明,采用有机无机肥料配合施用,黄瓜产量平均增加12.1%,增收7.1%,其中施用低量氮肥处理(OM+N₁PK)的增产和增收效果更佳;采用有机无机配合施肥处理可显著增加果实中氮的累积量,单纯增加氮肥的施用只会增加植株中氮的累积量,果实中未见增加;有机无机肥料配合施用能显著降低灌溉水和硝态氮的渗漏量,在氮肥用量相同的条件下,分别可降低14.2%和26.6%;施氮量较高的处理(OM+N₂PK),硝态氮在各土层出现了明显的累积。因此,有机无机肥料配合施用应适当减少化学氮肥的用量,在本试验条件下采用OM+N₁PK施肥模式为最佳。

关键词: 设施黄瓜, 有机无机肥料配合施用, 产量, 硝态氮淋溶, 硝态氮残留

Abstract: In this paper,influence of different fertilization mode on yield of cucumber and nitrogen accumulation and leaching of soil nitrate was systematically studied to explicit the optimum combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers under greenhouse condition.Based on a lysimeter experiment with undisturbed soil layers,plants,soil and leakage water were collected and detected.The results showed that compared with the chemical fertilizer application pattern,the yield and economic benefits increased by 12.1% and 7.1% under the combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers,with the highest yield and income for the combines application pattern of N₁PK in chemical fertilizer and organic manure.At the same time,the combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers significantly increased nitrogen accumulation,the increase of nitrogen fertilizer would only increase the accumulation of nitrogen in plant,no increase in fruit;The combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers could significantly reduce the amount of leakage of irrigation water and nitrate nitrogen,the amount of leakage of irrigation water and the NO₃^--N leakage rates in the leakage water significantly decreased by 14.2% and 26.6% under the same chemical nitrogen application;Treatment of nitrogen application amount higher (OM+N₂PK),the soil nitrate nitrogen appeared obvious accumulation.Thus,the combined application patterns of organic manure and chemical fertilizers could increase the yield and income,but also should be applied properly to reduce the chemical N fertilizer application;the pattern of combined application of N₁PK in chemical fertilizer and organic manure under this experimental condition was the best.

Key words: Greenhouse cucumber, Combined application of organic manure and chemical fertilizers, Yield, Nitrate leaching, Nitrate accumulation

中图分类号:

高伟, 李明悦, 高宝岩, 李伟. 有机无机肥料配合施用对设施黄瓜产量、氮素累积及硝酸盐淋溶的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2015, 30(4): 188-193. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.04.032.

GAO Wei, LI Ming-yue, GAO Bao-yan, LI Wei. Effects of Combined Application of Organic Manure and Chemical Fertilizers on Yield and Nitrate Accumulation of Cucumber and Nitrate Leaching under Greenhouse Condition[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2015, 30(4): 188-193. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.04.032.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2015/V30/I4/188

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