摘要： 当前在作物生产中氮磷资源的不合理利用严重威胁环境,为了探讨华北山前平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系合理的氮磷配合措施,在几年水氮(水磷)定位试验基础上对氮磷吸收与利用状况进行了分析。试验为小麦-玉米周年轮作种植,设水氮和水磷试验,水分为主区,施氮(磷)量为副区,裂区试验设计。水分设置限水和适水2个处理,周年设置6个施氮水平,小麦+玉米氮肥用量分别为0+0,60+60,120+120,180+180,240+240,300+300 kg/hm²;3个施磷水平,小麦季磷肥用量分别为75,150,225 kg/hm²,玉米季不施磷。结果表明,施氮(磷)可提高作物地上部分吸氮(磷)量,小麦和玉米全年施氮量240 kg/hm²即可达到较高的地上部总吸氮量,限水和适水下施氮量分别为218.7,243.5 kg/hm²才能保证氮素盈余量为零。小麦和玉米全年施磷量75～150 kg/hm²可达到较高的地上部总吸磷量,但限水和适水下施磷量分别为49.4,69.9 kg/hm²才能保证磷素盈余量为零。冬小麦对氮和磷的生产效率低于夏玉米,限水和适水下百千克籽粒吸氮量小麦分别为2.4,2.3 kg,平均为夏玉米的1.42倍;百千克籽粒吸磷量小麦均为0.61 kg,平均为夏玉米的1.23倍。当限水和适水下土壤全氮含量分别达0.102%和0.097%、全磷含量分别达0.213%和0.209%时土壤即可保持养分盈余量为零。土壤水分含量较高使植株对氮磷的吸收量也较高,但百千克籽粒吸氮(磷)量却表现出相反的趋势。在华北山前平原区小麦玉米轮作体系周年施氮量218.7～243.5 kg/hm²、施磷量49.4～69.9 kg/hm²可实现氮磷盈余量为零。

关键词: 氮, 磷, 盈余(亏)量, 百千克籽粒吸氮(磷)量, 吸氮(磷)量

Abstract: In the current,application of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer is unreasonable in crop production,which serious threat to the environment,in order to explore a reasonable measures in applying N and P for the winter wheat and summer maize rotation system in North China Plain,and absorption and utilization status of N and P was analyzed basing on a few years foundation location test of water and nitrogen (phosphorus).In the winter wheat and summer maize rotation system,the split plot design was employed with main plot of water (limiting water and suitable water),sub-plot of nitrogen fertilizer 0+0,60+60,120+120,180+180,240+240 and 300+300 kg/ha respectively,for wheat and maize rotation system,and sub-plot of phosphorus fertilizer 75,150,225 kg/ha respectively for wheat,and three replicates in each sup-plot.The main results showed that N and P absorbing amount in shoot could be increased relying on application of N and P fertilizer,but it could not continue to bring high absorption when excessive application of N and P fertilizer.When annual N application amount reached 240 kg/ha,the higher N in shoot could be achieved,and N application amount reached to 218.7,243.5 kg/ha,which could ensure the nitrogen surplus was zero.When annual P application amount reached 75-150 kg/ha,the demand for P of wheat and maize would be met,but P application amount reached to 49.4,69.9 kg/ha,which could ensure the P surplus was zero.Compared with summer maize,the demand of nitrogen and phosphorus was higher for winter wheat,and which was 1.42,1.23 times respectively.100 kg grain nutrient uptake of wheat were 2.4,2.3 kg for N,and 0.61 kg for P under limiting water and suitable under water.When total nitrogen content were up to 0.102% and 0.097% respectively,and the total phosphorus content were 0.213% and 0.209% respectively under the condition of limited water and suitable water,and the overmeasure of N and P was zero.N and P in shoot were higher when soil moisture content was higher,but absorptive N and P amount per hundred kilograms grain that showed the opposite trend,it explained that better moisture condition can promote the absorption of N and P in plant,but the rate of nutrient uptake rate which was less than the yield increase.For winter wheat and summer maize rotation system,N and P balance would be achieved when N application rates was 218.7-243.5 kg/ha,and P application rates was above 49.4-69.9 kg/ha,respectively.

Key words: N, P, Overmeasure (defucuebcy), Absorptive N (P) amount per 100 kg grain, N (P) in shoot

中图分类号: 

• S143.1

• S143.2