摘要： 利用群体改良方法,充分挖掘地方优异种质的遗传潜力是玉米种质改良与创新的一个重要途径。本研究以黄金群5个轮次改良群体为材料,通过1年2点产量比较试验,分析了混合选择和相互半姊妹轮回选择方法对黄金群产量及穗部性状的改良效果。结果表明,两种选择方法对群体产量改良是有效的,随着改良轮次的增加,黄金群的单株产量逐轮提高,平均每轮提高3.78%,其中,混合选择改良的3轮群体平均每轮提高4.27%,相互半姊妹轮回选择的改良群体提高2.07%;虽然群体产量的变异系数从15.43%下降到12.80%,但群体内仍有较丰富的变异。通过改良群体穗部性状比较发现,穗长和行粒数改良效果显著,分别提高14.71%和17.62%,说明它们的提高是群体单株产量提高的主要因素。

关键词: 玉米, 群体改良, 轮回选择, 产量性状

Abstract: The rich germplasm resource is an important guarantee in sustainable development of maize breeding?and production． Mining local germplasm is one of effective ways to widen corn germplasm foundation by population?improvement． Maize populations Huangjin population selected via mass selection (MS) and half-sib reciprocal recurrent selection (HS-RRS) were assessed for changes in grain yield per plant and ear traits by field trial in two locations． The results showed that both methods could effectively improve the grain yield per plant of Huangjin population，there were gradual increasing tendency in grain yield per plant of populations and average increase by 3． 78%?per cycle，in which the average increase for MS and HS-RRS improved populations was 4． 27% and 2． 07% per cycle respectively，although the coefficient of variation was slight decreasing 15． 43% to 12． 80%． But there was a copious supply of heritable variation in the population． The comparison with the ear traits of the different populations?showed that ear length and kernel number per ear row increased by 14． 71% and 17． 62% respectively，which suggested that the reason of increase of grain yield per plant for improved populations was predominantly contributed to?increase of the traits．

Key words: Maize, Population improvement, Recurrent selection, Yield trait

中图分类号: 

• S513.03