摘要： 为探讨施肥对小麦田间CO₂释放量的影响，本研究设计以4个不同施肥水平为主处理，以3个不同年代的主栽品种碧玛1号、烟农15号、山农11号为研究对象，采用封闭式静态暗箱技术，应用LI-6400型便携式光合仪(美国)在作物生长期测定土壤CO₂释放量和光合速率。同时测定了环境影响因素土壤温度和水分等。研究结果表明，施肥有利于增加土壤CO₂释放量，且中氮处理水平释放量最多；土壤温度和水分对土壤CO₂释放量有一定的影响，土温越高，水分越大，CO₂释放越多；麦田CO₂交换量与小麦根系活性呈正相关。

关键词: 施肥, 小麦, 土壤CO₂释放量, 土壤温度, 土壤水分, 生物量

Abstract: To understand the CO₂ emission from soil crop system as influenced by crop growth and application of fertilizer, pot and field experiments were carried out during Bima-1, Yannong-15 and Shannong-11 wheat growing seasons. Black chambers were used to take gas samples within a closed soil-crop system. Use LI-6400 type portable light and measure apparatus (USA.) to determine the soil CO₂ releasing amount in growth period of crop. the study of water stress of soil, the dry matter weight, photosynthetic rate and the above-ground biomass, the ratio between root and canopy, the high of wheat, chlorophyll cintent, the area of flag leaves. The results showed that the application of fertilizer can improve the soil of CO₂ emission. The temperture of soil and water stress of soil were main factor determining change law of release amount of CO₂ from soils and those rising and falling bring out the increase and decrease of release amount of CO₂. In certain range of nitrogen fertilizer application rates, the dry mater weight, photosynthetic rate, the high of wheat, chlorophyll content, the area of flay leaves and the abrove-ground biomass. The root affected the soil of CO₂ emission, and show significantly positive relationship.

Key words: Fertilizer application, Wheat, soil of CO₂ emission, Soil temperature, Soil water content, Biological quantity

中图分类号: 

• S161.9