摘要： 有机基质栽培技术是利用各地易得的有机肥和无机肥为肥源，代替营养液使用，不但具有传统无土栽培的优点，而且使无土栽培系统的一次性投资大幅降低、并且操作简单。在基质栽培条件下，研究了不同用量有机肥对油菜-苋菜生长及养分吸收的影响。供试有机肥系发酵猪粪，肥料以底肥形式一次施入。研究结果表明，高量有机肥处理（有机肥70，90kg/m³）显著抑制了头茬作物油菜的生长，而进入苋菜生长阶段低有机肥用量处理（10kg/m³）生长相对较弱。随着施肥量的增加，氮、磷、钾养分平衡指数升高、利用率下降，不同有机肥用量条件下氮、磷、钾的利用率分别为9.5%~34.5%，2.5%~7.1%，24.4%~46.6%。作物生长122d后，所有有机肥处理基质中速效氮含量均已处于极低的水平，速效磷的累积明显，同时还对高量有机肥一次底施方式用于果菜长季节栽培的可能性进行了分析。

关键词: 有机肥, 油菜, 苋菜, 氮, 磷, 钾, 养分吸收

Abstract: Substrate cultivation experiments,in which rape and amaranth were chosen in succession as experimental crops,have been carried out to study the effect of different rate of organic fertilizer on vegetable growth and nutrients uptake.Fermented pig manure was applied once as base fertilizer before rape sowing and no other fertilizer was applied any more during rape-amaranth growth period.The results showed that higher rate of organic fertilizer(70,90kg/m³) significantly inhibited rape growth,while treatment of lower rate of organic fertilizer(10kg/m³) reduced biomass of amaranth in succession.With increase of organic fertilizer rate the balance indexes,which is ratio of amount of supplied nutrient to amount of absorbed nutrient by plants,increased and nutrients use efficiency decreased.Use efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in organic fertilizer were 9.5%-34.5%,2.5%-7.1% and 24.4%46.6% respectively.Available nitrogen content in the substrate of all treatments was very low after amaranth harvest,while available phosphorus was accumulated significantly.The paper also discussed on possibility of organic fertilizer used once as base fertilizer without topdressing in long-term-vegetable-cultivation system.

Key words: Organic fertilizer, Rape, Amaranth, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Nutrient uptake

中图分类号: 

• S141.4