摘要：

为探讨断奶仔猪对其利用的差异性,分别以棉籽蛋白和豆粕作为日粮唯一蛋白源,选取28日龄健康、体质量相近三元杂交(杜×长×大)断奶仔猪30头,随机分为5组(每组6个重复,每个重复1头),单栏饲养:参照NRC(2012)断奶仔猪营养需要标准,所有日粮满足10种必需氨基酸(赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、精氨酸、组氨酸、苯丙氨酸),即(1)20%SBM组:饲喂玉米+20%豆粕饲粮;(2)15%SBM组:饲喂玉米+15%豆粕饲粮;(3)20%CSP组:饲喂玉米+20%棉籽蛋白饲粮;(4)15%CSP组:饲喂玉米+15%棉籽蛋白饲粮;(5)20%CSP+NE组:饲喂玉米+20%棉籽蛋白,除满足必需氨基酸要求外还依据20%SBM组补充非必需氨基酸含量。结果表明:与20%SBM组相比,15%SBM组不影响断奶仔猪生长性能、器官指数和肠道形态,显著提高多种氨基酸粪便消化率,并显著降低腹泻指数。与15%SBM组相比,15%CSP组不影响断奶仔猪生长性能、器官指数、腹泻指数和肠道形态,但显著降低多种氨基酸的粪便表观消化率,并显著提高28 d血清总蛋白(TP)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和葡萄糖(GLU)水平。与20%SBM组相比,20%CSP组不影响仔猪生长性能、器官指数、腹泻指数和肠道形态,但显著降低多种氨基酸消化率。与20%CSP组相比,20%CSP+NE组不影响断奶仔猪生长性能、器官指数、胴体成分和肠道形态,但显著提高9种非必需氨基酸总量和多种粪便表观消化率以及空肠B⁰AT1 mRNA相对表达量。与20%SBM组相比,20%CSP+NE组不影响仔猪器官指数和肠道形态,但显著提高仔猪体质量和日增质量、28 d血清ALT和总胆固醇(CHOL)的水平,并显著降低腹泻指数。在相同必需氨基酸水平条件下,降低饲粮中5%豆粕以及利用棉籽蛋白作为唯一蛋白源对断奶仔猪生长性能、器官指数和肠道形态没有产生不良影响,可以改善仔猪采食和腹泻情况,但棉籽蛋白组的非必需氨基酸消化率有一定水平的降低,平衡非必需氨基酸后可以一定程度弥补这种损失,并提高了增质量。同时,结果也提示在饲粮中适量考虑非必需氨基酸,可以更好满足断奶仔猪生长发育的全面需求。

关键词: 豆粕, 棉籽蛋白, 蛋白源, 氨基酸, 断奶仔猪

Abstract:

It investigated the differences in the utilization of cottonseed protein and soybean meal as the sole protein source of diets by weaned piglets,respectively.Thirty healthy and similar weight ternary crossbred(Duroc×Yorkshire×Large white)weaned piglets at 28 days of age were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups(6 replicates per group,1 head per replicate),and single-pen feeding:with reference to the nutritional requirement standard of weaned piglets of NRC(2012),all the diets met the 10 essential amino acids(lysine,methionine,threonine,tryptophan, valine,isoleucine,leucine,arginine,histidine,phenylalanine),i.e.(1)20% SBM group:feeding corn+20% soybean meal based acid diet;(2)15% SBM group:feeding corn+15% soybean meal diet;(3)20% CSP group:feeding corn+20% cottonseed protein diet;(4)15% CSP group:feeding corn+15% cottonseed protein diet;(5)20% CSP+NE group:feeding corn+20% cottonseed protein.In addition to meeting the requirements of essential amino acids,the 20% SBM group was supplemented with non-essential amino acid content.The results showed that the 15% SBM group did not affect the growth performance,organ index and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets,significantly increased the fecal digestibility of multiple amino acids and significantly decreased the diarrhea index compared with the 20% SBM group.The 15% CSP group did not affect growth performance,organ index,diarrhea index,and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets,but significantly decreased fecal apparent digestibility of multiple amino acids and significantly increased 28 d serum Total protein (TP), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and Glucose (GLU) levels compared with the 15% SBM group.Compared with the 20% SBM group,the 20% CSP group did not affect piglet growth performance,organ indices,diarrhea indices,and intestinal morphology,but significantly decreased the digestibility of multiple amino acids.Compared with the 20% CSP group,the 20% CSP+NE group did not affect the growth performance,organ index,carcass composition,and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets,but significantly increased the total of nine nonessential amino acids and the apparent digestibility of a variety of feces,as well as the relative expression of jejunal B⁰AT1 mRNA.Compared with the 20% SBM group,the 20% CSP+NE group did not affect piglet organ index and intestinal morphology,but significantly increased piglet body mass and mass gained per day,28 d serum ALT and Cholesterol (CHOL)levels,and significantly reduced diarrhea index.Reducing 5% soybean meal in the diet and using cottonseed protein as the sole protein source did not adversely affect the growth performance,organ index and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets under the same level of essential amino acids,and improved feed intake and diarrhea,but there was a certain level of reduction in the digestibility of non-essential amino acids in the cottonseed protein group,and balancing non-essential amino acids compensated for this loss to some extent,and improved weight gain.Meanwhile,the results also suggested that the moderate consideration of non-essential amino acids in the diet can better meet the overall needs of growth and development of weaned piglets.

Key words: Soybean meal, Cottonseed protein, Protein source, Amino acid, Weaned piglet

中图分类号: 

• S858.28