摘要：

为探明糯小麦籽粒淀粉组分和理化特性对灌水的响应,在大田条件下,采用裂区设计,主区为2个糯小麦品种(临糯88,软质;晋麦99号,硬质),副区为3种灌水处理(S₁,越冬水;S₂,越冬水+拔节水;S₃,越冬水+拔节水+灌浆水),同时以不灌水作为CK,分析灌水对2个糯小麦籽粒产量、淀粉含量、淀粉组分、粒径分布、面粉糊化特性及品质的影响,并对其进行相关性分析。结果表明,随灌水次数增加2个糯小麦品种籽粒产量及其构成因素均提高,2 a平均S₃处理下较S₁和S₂处理下临糯88分别增产 63.59%和 9.02%,晋麦99号分别增产 64.15%和 6.95%;S₂处理下2个糯小麦品种淀粉含量均最高,临糯88、晋麦99号较CK分别提高1.75,5.54百分点;临糯88支链淀粉含量随灌水增加先升后降,S₂处理显著高于其他处理,晋麦99号支链淀粉含量随灌水增加而降低,S₁处理显著高于其他处理;淀粉直/支则与之相反。供试品种淀粉粒的粒径分布为1.0~45.7 μm,其数目分布呈单峰曲线变化,体积和表面积分布均呈双峰曲线变化,随灌水次数增加,B型淀粉粒数目先升后降,面粉糊化温度先降后升,峰值时间前移,但均以S₂灌水处理最显著;蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量和沉降值均随灌水次数增加而降低。本试验条件下,灌越冬水+拔节水在稳产的同时,可提高临糯88的淀粉含量、B型淀粉体积比例,降低淀粉直/支比;灌越冬水+拔节水+灌浆水在高产的同时,可降低晋麦99号的淀粉直/支比,改善硬质糯小麦的糊化特性。灌水能有效调控糯小麦籽粒淀粉组分和粒度分布,从而改变了淀粉的理化性质。

关键词: 糯小麦, 籽粒淀粉, 理化特性, 产量, 灌水

Abstract:

In order to identify the response of starch components and physicochemical properties of waxy wheat grains to irrigation,a split plot design was adopted under field conditions.The main plot consisted of two waxy wheat varieties(Linnuo 88,soft;Jinmai 99,hard),and the sub-region was treated with three types of irrigation(S₁,irrigation overwintering water;S₂,overwintering water + jointing water;S₃,overwintering water + jointing water + grouting water; CK,no irrigation),the effects of irrigation on grain yield,starch content,starch composition,particle size distribution,flour gelatinization characteristics and flour quality of two types of waxy wheat were analyzed. The results showed that the yield and constituent factors of two waxy wheat varieties increased with irrigation.Compared with S₁ and S₂, the average two-year Linnuo 88 S₃ treatment increased yield by 63.59% and 9.02%,and Jinmai 99 increased yield by 64.15% and 6.95%,respectively.The starch content of the two waxy wheat varieties under S₂ was the highest, which was 1.75 and 5.54 percentage points higher than CK, respectively. The amylopectin content of Linnuo 88 increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of irrigation,and S₂ treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments. The amylopectin content of Jinmai 99 decreased with the increase of irrigation,and that of S₁ treatment was significantly higher than the other treatments. The amylose/amylopectinratio of starch was the opposite. The particle size distribution of the tested grain starch granules ranged from 1.0 to 45.7 μm,and the number proportion distribution showed a single peak curve.Both volume proportion distribution and surface area proportion distribution of starch granules showed a double peak curve.With the increase of irrigation times,the number of B-type starch granules increased first and then decreased,flour gelatinization temperature first decreased and then increased,and the peak time moved forward,but S₂ irrigation treatment was the most significant;protein content,wet gluten content and sedimentation value all decreased with the increase of irrigation. Under this trial conditions,at the same time as stable output of overwintering water + jointing water,it could increase the starch content and B-type starch volume proportion of Linnuo 88,and reduce amylose/amylopectin ratio;while overwintering water + jointing water + grouting water could increase the yield and decrease amylose/amylopectin ratio of Jinmai 99,and improve the gelatinization characteristics of hard waxy wheat.Irrigation can effectively regulate the starch composition and particle size distribution of waxy wheat grains,thereby changing the physicochemical properties of starch.

Key words: Waxy wheat, Grain starch, Physicochemical properties, Yield, Irrigation