摘要： 为了探明氮、钾肥对辽东南地区玉米产量及生长特性的影响，以玉米杂交种丹玉801为材料，设置氮肥和钾肥二因素裂区试验，研究氮肥（N）、钾肥（K）及其交互作用（N×K）对玉米产量和干物质积累的影响，分析不同氮钾肥配施对玉米物质生产特性以及产量构成的影响，以期为辽东南地区玉米合理施肥提供理论依据与技术支撑。结果表明，在辽东南地区，氮钾肥的交互作用对玉米产量、千粒质量有极显著影响，对成熟期干物质积累量的影响显著，对穗数、穗粒数、穗长、穗粗、秃尖长、穗行数和行粒数的交互作用不显著；玉米产量和成熟期干物质积累量受氮肥、钾肥及其交互作用共同影响，N₃₀₀K₁₂₀、N₁₈₀K₁₂₀及N₃₀₀K₆₀产量分别为9 262，9 020，8 848 kg/hm²，三者差异不显著，成熟期干物质积累量N₃₀₀K₁₂₀ >N₃₀₀K₆₀（19 287 kg/hm²>18 833 kg/hm²），二者差异不显著；氮肥及氮钾互作对千粒质量的影响极显著，N₃₀₀K₁₂₀、N₃₀₀K₆₀和N₁₈₀K₁₂₀千粒质量分别为295，290，284 g，三者差异不显著；氮钾肥的交互作用集中在玉米生育后期，主要通过影响千粒质量来提高玉米产量。氮、钾肥对玉米植株的影响不是简单的加和作用，而是复杂的交互效应，因此，生产中要综合考虑氮、钾肥的交互作用对玉米产量的影响，因地制宜，做到科学施肥，合理配施，在增加玉米产量的同时，提高肥料利用率，为实现高产高效的现代农业奠定基础。结果可为辽东南地区玉米高产高效栽培技术提供理论依据。

关键词: 玉米, 氮肥, 钾肥, 产量, 干物质积累

Abstract: In order to clarify the mechanism of nitrogen and potassium on maize yield and growth traits in Southeast Region of Liaoning Province,a field two factors split-plot experiment was designed using maize hybrid Danyu 801 with nitrogen and potassium,to study the influence of nitrogen(N),potassium(K) and their interactions(N×K) on yield,dry matter accumulation,matter production and yield component,hoping to provide theoretical basis and technical support for rational fertilization of maize in Southeast Region of Liaoning Province.The table of two-factor analysis showed that,in Southeast Region of Liaoning Province,N×K exist extremely significant interaction effects on yield and 1000-kernel quality,but a significant interaction effect on dry matter accumulation in maturity,there was no significant interaction between spike number, kernel number per ear,ear length,ear diameter,bare top length,rows per ear and kernels per row.Maize yield and dry matter accumulation in maturity were affected by N,K and N×K. The yields of N₃₀₀K₁₂₀,N₁₈₀K₁₂₀ and N₃₀₀K₆₀ were 9 262, 9 020,8 848 kg/ha, with no significant difference among the three, dry matter accumulation in maturity was N₃₀₀K₁₂₀>N₃₀₀K₆₀(19 287 kg/ha>18 833 kg/ha), the difference was not significant. The influence of N and N×K on 1000-kernel weight was extremely significant,1000-kernel weight of N₃₀₀K₁₂₀, N₃₀₀K₆₀ and N₁₈₀K₁₂₀ were 295,290 and 284 g, not significant differences among the three;N×K was concentrated in the later period of maize,mainly by affecting the 1000-kernel quality to increase maize yield.The influences of N and K on maize were not simple additive effect,but a complex interaction.So we should consider the influence of N×K on maize yield in production,adjust rational fertilization measures to suit local conditions,increasing the yield of maize while improving fertilizer utilization,to lay the foundation for achieve high yield and efficient modern agriculture.The results will provide reference and induction for efficiently cultivation of maize in Southeast Region of Liaoning Province.

Key words: Maize, Nitrogen, Potassium, Yield, Dry matter accumulation

中图分类号: 

• S141

• S513.01