摘要： 为了解番茄作物干物质生产和分配规律，并且能通过合理的氮肥施用和灌溉，最大限度地提高作物果实干物质生产和水氮利用效率，以番茄品种红尊贵为材料，研究了氮素和水分耦合的效果。试验将幼苗定植在营养钵（30 cm×28 cm，基质为苔藓泥炭）中，定期浇灌相应的营养液，每个处理种植40株，重复4次，共960株，种植在115 m²的生长室内。试验从2017年4月17日-8月3日共进行了109 d，期间每隔10 d取样一次，测定植株的生长状况。结果表明，高氮水平下（N2）植株干物质的生产速率、植株总干物质量和果实干物质量比低氮（N1）植株分别增加了21.15%，26.57%，35.54%，果实干物质量占植株总干物质量的比例提高了4%，N1水平下往根系分配的干物质更多。累积施氮量每增加1 g，N2水平下植株增加的干物质分配到果实中的比例比N1增加约8.24%；灌水量增加，植株生长更好，高水、中水（W3、W2）比低水（W1）植株总干物质增加了23.55%，13.29%，果实干物质分别增加了19.75%，16.28%。累积灌水量每增加1 L，植株增加的干物质大约有66%~70%分配到果实中。水氮耦合后高氮高水的N2W3处理下单株干物质生产最高，与低氮低水的N1W1处理相比，单株总干物质量增加了57.24%，单株果实干物质量增加了61.58%。在同一氮素水平下，灌水量多氮肥的利用效率高，特别在高氮水平下，N2W3的氮肥利用效率比N2W1增加28.58%。在同一水分水平下，施氮量多水分利用效率高，特别是高水处理下，N2W3的水分利用效率比N1W3增加33.97%。结论认为，在高氮水平下增加灌水量，或者在高水处理条件下增施氮肥，番茄的干物质生产速率、植株总干物质、果实干物质以及氮素利用效率均增加，水肥在物质生产上具有相互促进作用，在实际生产中，高氮高水 组合（N2W3）为最佳选择。

关键词: 番茄, 干物质生产, 水氮耦合, 氮利用效率, 水分利用效率

Abstract: To understand the regulation of crop dry matter production and allocation, and to improve crop dry matter production and water, nitrogen use efficiency by applying the reasonable amount of nitrogen fertilizer and water irrigation, the pot experiment of nitrogen and water coupling was conducted and tomato cultivar Hongzungui was selected as the material. The 4 leaves seedlings were planted in the nutrition bowls(Model 30 cm×28 cm, with moss peat as media) for 6 treatments(2 nitrogen level and 3 irrigation level), each with 40 pots and replicated 4 times for total of 960 plants. The experiment was from Apr.17 to Aug.3, 2017 for 109 days. Plants samples were taken every 10 days to measuring the growth status. The results showed, compared with the treatment of low nitrogen(N1), it was increased by 21.15%, 26.57% and 35.54% of growth rate, plant total dry matter and fruit dry matter under high nitrogen level(N2), respectively, and the proportion of fruit dry matter within plant dry matter was increased by 4%. Under the N1 level, more dry matter was distributed to the root section. Compared with N1, the proportion of increased dry matter allocated to the fruit in N2 was increased by about 8.24% with each 1 g increased of cumulative nitrogen application. The more irrigation, the better for plants grew in this experiment. Compared with low water level(W1), the total dry matter was increased by 23.55% and 13.29%, fruit dry matter by 19.75% and 16.28% in high and medium water irrigation level(W3, W2), respectively. There were about 66%-70% of increased plant dry matter production allocated to the fruit with additional 1 L irrigation amount. Plant achieved the highest dry matter accumulation under the treatment N2W3. Compared with N1W1, the total dry matter of per plant and the dry matter of fruit per plant were increased by 57.24% and 61.58% with N2W3. Under the same nitrogen level, the higher the irrigation water, the higher the nitrogen use efficiency was, especially at high nitrogen level. Nitrogen use efficiency in N2W3 increased by 28.58% compared with that of N2W1. Under the same water level, the higher nitrogen application, the higher the water use efficiency was, especially under high water treatment. The water use efficiency of N2W3 was increased by 33.97% compared with that of N1W3. It was concluded that once the irrigation water was increased at high nitrogen level, or the nitrogen level was increased at high water irrigation, the production rate, the total plant dry matter and the fruit dry matter were increased. The interaction of water irrigation and nitrogen application were promoted each other, and the treatment of N2W3 was suggested the best choice in this research range.

Key words: Tomato, Dry matter production, Water and nitrogen coupling, Nitrogen use efficiency, Water use efficiency

中图分类号: 

• S626.5