长期秸秆还田与氮肥调控对稻田土壤质量及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201750955

华北农学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 181-187. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201750955

所属专题： 水稻；土壤肥料；

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

长期秸秆还田与氮肥调控对稻田土壤质量及产量的影响

张娟琴^1,2,3,4,5, 郑宪清^1,2,3,4,5, 张翰林^1,2,3,4,5, 吕卫光^1,2,3,4,5, 李双喜^1,2,3,4,5

1. 上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所, 上海 201403;
2. 上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室, 上海 201403;
3. 上海市农业环境保护监测站, 上海 201403;
4. 农业部上海农业环境与耕地保育科学观测实验站, 上海 201403;
5. 上海低碳农业工程技术研究中心, 上海 201403

收稿日期:2018-11-26 出版日期:2019-02-28
通讯作者: 李双喜(1986-),男,河南洛阳人,助理研究员,博士,主要从事农业环境保护与修复研究。
作者简介:张娟琴(1982-),女,山西临汾人,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事环境监测及土壤改良研究。
基金资助:
上海市科委科技攻关项目（14391901502）；上海市科委项目（18295810500；16391901500）；上海市农口青年成长计划项目（沪农青字（2017）第1-21号）；国家科技支撑计划项目（2010BAK69B18）

Effects of Long-term Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulation on Soil Quality and Yields of Rice Field

ZHANG Juanqin^1,2,3,4,5, ZHENG Xianqing^1,2,3,4,5, ZHANG Hanlin^1,2,3,4,5, LÜ Weiguang^1,2,3,4,5, LI Shuangxi^1,2,3,4,5

1. Eco-environmental Protection Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China;
2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Horticultural Technology, Shanghai 201403, China;
3. Environmental Protection Monitoring Station of Shanghai City, Shanghai 201403, China;
4. Agricultural Environment and Farmland Conservation Experiment Station of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai 201403, China;
5. Shanghai Low Carbon Agriculture Engineering Technology Research Center, Shanghai 201403, China

Received:2018-11-26 Published:2019-02-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了揭示土壤对长期秸秆还田及氮肥调控的响应，采用大田小区试验，考察了秸秆不还田+N 300 kg/hm²（TB）、秸秆全量还田+不施肥（T0）、秸秆全量还田+N 255 kg/hm²（T17）、秸秆全量还田+N 300 kg/hm²（T20）、秸秆还田+N 345 kg/hm²（T23）对稻田土壤理化特性、重金属含量、活性有机质、微生物炭、碳库管理指数及水稻产量的影响，探索长期秸秆还田（5年）条件下土壤质量对氮肥配施的响应，为提高氮肥利用率、减轻环境污染、提高资源利用效率，提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明：长期秸秆还田条件下，随着氮肥施用量的增加，T17、T20、T23 3个处理的全氮、全磷、全钾、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾、总有机质、活性有机质、微生物量碳含量上升，但总有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾的差异不明显；土壤容重下降；土壤中汞、砷、铅、镉、铬、铜、锌7种重金属（全量）未出现明显积累现象。施肥量相同的条件下，秸秆还田（T20）显著提高了土壤速效氮、速效磷的含量，较秸秆不还田（TB）速效氮、速效磷、速效钾分别提高21.1%，8.9%。综合考量经济、土壤质量、产量等因素，无污染的秸秆还田后，合理的配施氮肥（300 kg/hm²）不仅可以避免秸秆腐解过程中与作物争夺氮肥，而且可以促进土壤碳、氮的更新，培肥土壤，提高产量，改善土壤质量。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 氮肥施用量, 土壤理化特性, 重金属, 有机质, 碳管理指数, 产量

Abstract: In order to reveal the response of soil to long-term straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer regulation, based on field experiments of rice-wheat rotation, effects of straw returning and nitrogen fertilizer (with TB as no straw return with 300 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizers, and T0, T17, T20 and T23 as straw return with 0, 255, 300, 345 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizers) on physico-chemical properties, concentration of heavy metals, organic matter content and carbon pool management index, rice yields were investigated. The results showed with the increased of nitrogen fertilizer,total N,total P,total K, available N, available P, available K, organic matter, labile organic matter, microbial biomass carbon and yields of T17, T20 and T23 were increased, but no significant difference of the total organic matter, total N, total P and total K. Bulk density decreased, and there were no apparent accumulation of Hg, As, Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn in the soil.With the same amount of fertilizer, straw return to soil (T20) significantly increased available N and available P, which were higher than those of TB by 21.1%, 8.9% respectively. Considering the factors of soil quality, rice yield and economic cost, non-polluting straw return with 300 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizers (T20) could not only avoid competing for nitrogen fertilizer with crops in the process of straw decomposition, but also promoted the renewal of soil carbon and nitrogen, improved yield and soil quality.

Key words: Straw returning, Nitrogen fertilizer, Physico-chemical properties, Heavy metals, Organic matter, Carbon pool management index, Yields

中图分类号:

S143.1

张娟琴, 郑宪清, 张翰林, 吕卫光, 李双喜. 长期秸秆还田与氮肥调控对稻田土壤质量及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(1): 181-187. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201750955.

ZHANG Juanqin, ZHENG Xianqing, ZHANG Hanlin, LÜ Weiguang, LI Shuangxi. Effects of Long-term Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulation on Soil Quality and Yields of Rice Field[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(1): 181-187. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201750955.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I1/181

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长期秸秆还田与氮肥调控对稻田土壤质量及产量的影响

Effects of Long-term Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Regulation on Soil Quality and Yields of Rice Field

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