粮棉轮作对土壤中养分及真菌多样性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2017.06.021

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了改善冀中南地区多年连作棉田的土壤环境，分析棉花-小麦-玉米两年三熟轮作种植制度对土壤速效养分和真菌多样性的影响。依托河北省南宫市棉花原种场试验点，采用定期采集土壤样品，测定土壤中的有效磷、速效钾、全氮含量及提取各样品中的总DNA，借助Illumina HiSeq 2500高通量测序平台，研究不同种植模式对土壤真菌的群落结构、丰度等的影响，分析养分变化和群落变化的相关性。结果表明：轮作模式土壤速效磷、全氮残留含量比连作棉田显著增加，而土壤速效钾则差异不明显。轮作模式和连作模式土壤中的分类单元（Operational taxonomic units，OTU）个数分别为783，750个，真菌多样性表现为轮作模式土壤>连作模式土壤。通过聚类分析，发现不同种植模式下的土壤样品被完全区分且菌群的差异性显著，轮作模式土壤较连作模式土壤中的散囊菌目（Eurotiales）、伞菌科（Agaricaceae）显著减少，而粪壳菌目（Sordariales）显著增加。此外通过综合比较发现，不同作物对土壤中营养元素的吸收和利用存在偏好性，可以利用轮作方式改变连作棉田的化肥使用方式，减少化肥的使用量，提高使用效率，为茬口衔接节肥技术的实施提供了依据；同时轮作能够减少土壤中包含许多腐生和寄生有害真菌的散囊菌目菌群种类和数量，增加了大多腐生于富含有机质的土壤和植物残体上的粪壳菌群。由此可以初步认为，对冀中南连作棉田进行轮作，能够提高肥效，优化土壤的菌群结构，从而改善棉田土壤结构，为提高棉田的产量奠定基础。

关键词: 棉花连作, 粮棉轮作, 土壤, 真菌, 养分, 高通量测序

Abstract: In order to improve the soil environment of cotton continuous cropping in Central-south Area in Hebei, it research the effect of cotton-wheat-corn rotation system on nutrients contents and the diversity of fungi in the soil. This test included quantitative determination of available P, available K, total N and the extraction of total DNA in each soil sample that it from Nangong Cotton Seed Stock Station of Hebei. It analyzed the correlation between nutrients contents and fungi community and the diversity changes of fungi in the soil under different cotton planting patterns using Illumina HiSeq 2500 High-throughput sequencing platform. The results showed that the available P and the total N content of residual increased significantly in the soil of rotation system, while available K was non-significant. The operational taxonomic units (OTU) number were 783 and 750 in the soil of rotation system and continuous cropping respectively, and the diversity of fungi of rotation system was more than continuous cropping in the soil. Through cluster analysis, it found that the soil samples was completely distinguish and significant differences between them, the Eurotiales and Agaricaceae in the soil of rotation system were significantly reduced and the Sordariales was increased significantly. In addition, this research also found that different crop had the preferences on the absorption of nutrients in the soil, and changed the fertilizer use,improved the efficiency in the different cotton planting patterns. Rotation system could reduce many harmful saprophytic and parasitic fungi and increased the Sordariales that mostly metatrophic rich in organic matter and plant residues in the soil. Results of the research demonstrated that the cotton-wheat-corn rotation system could improve the fertilizer effect, optimize the structure of the fungi community, so as to improve soil structure and the yield of cotton.

Key words: Cotton continuous cropping, Cotton and grain crops rotation, Soil, Fungi, Nutrients contents, High-throughput sequencing

中图分类号:

赵存鹏, 郭宝生, 刘素恩, 王兆晓, 耿昭, 王凯辉, 耿军义. 粮棉轮作对土壤中养分及真菌多样性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(6): 139-146. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.06.021.

ZHAO Cunpeng, GUO Baosheng, LIU Suen, WANG Zhaoxiao, GENG Zhao, WANG Kaihui, GENG Junyi. Effect of Cotton and Grain Crops Rotation on Nutrients Contents and Diversity of Fungi in the Soil[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2017, 32(6): 139-146. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.06.021.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2017/V32/I6/139

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