风沙半干旱区仁用杏作物间作对作物光合性能和产量形成的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2017.05.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 间作能够提高资源利用效率，探讨仁用杏作物间作对作物光合性能和产量形成的影响，提出适合当地生态环境的最优间作模式，对东北风沙半干旱区农业发展具有重要意义。于2012-2014年在大田试验条件下设置了仁用杏花生间作、仁用杏谷子间作、仁用杏甘薯间作、仁用杏单作、花生单作、谷子单作、甘薯单作7个处理开展了研究。结果表明，仁用杏与作物间作能够提高光能利用效率，2012-2013年间作花生、间作谷子、间作甘薯光能利用效率分别比单作提高44.74%，51.60%，51.68%；仁用杏谷子间作比仁用杏花生间作、仁用杏甘薯间作分别高118.07%，33.09%，为提高土地生产能力奠定了基础。仁用杏作物间作作物越靠近树行，光合作用受影响越重，而仁用杏谷子间作谷子边3行并未受到影响，间作谷子边行的叶面积指数在后期差异也不显著，这是谷子产量降低较少的重要原因之一。2012-2014年间作花生、谷子、甘薯产量比单作分别减少62.90%，54.88%，64.32%，而间作仁用杏与单作产量差异不显著。综合分析认为，仁用杏谷子间作最能够适宜当地的生态环境，在东北风沙半干旱区持续雨养农业发展中具有很好的应用价值。

关键词: 仁用杏, 作物, 间作, 产量, 光合性能

Abstract: Intercropping can improve the efficiency of resource utilization.To study the effects of the apricot intercropping system on crop yield and yield formation,and put forward the optimal intercropping model suitable for the local ecological environment,which is of great significance to the agricultural development in the semi-arid region of Northeast China,a field experiment is conducted in 2012-2014 with seven treatments,including the apricot-peanut intercropping,the apricot-millet intercropping,the apricot-sweet potato intercropping,the sole apricot,the sole peanut,the sole millet and the sole sweet potato.The results showed that apricot and crop intercropping treatments could improve the photosynthetic efficiency,in which apricot-peanut intercropping,apricot-millet intercropping and apricot-sweet potato intercropping was 44.74%,51.60% and 51.68% higher than that of sole crop in 2012-2013,and apricot-millet intercropping was 118.07% and 33.09% higher than that of apricot-peanut intercropping and apricot-sweet potato intercropping,respectively.The more close the crop line,the more the photosynthesis is affected in apricot intercropping system,but 3 side rows of millet didn't,while the leaf area index of side rows in millet intercropping was not different at the later stage,which was one of the important reasons why millet yield was low.The average yield of peanut,millet and sweet potato in intercropping system was 62.90%,54.88% and 64.32% lower than that of sole cropping in 2012-2014,but there was no significant difference in the yield between apricot intercropping and sole cropping.The comprehensive analysis shows that the apricot-millet intercropping can be suitable for the local ecological environment,and it has a good application value in the development of dry land agriculture in the wind and sand semi-arid area of Northeast China.

Key words: Apricot, Crops, Intercropping, Yield, Photosynthetic

中图分类号:

S156

白伟, 孙占祥, 郑家明, 杜桂娟, 蔡倩, 冯良山, 杨宁. 风沙半干旱区仁用杏作物间作对作物光合性能和产量形成的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(5): 200-207. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.05.030.

BAI Wei, SUN Zhanxiang, ZHENG Jiaming, DU Guijuan, CAI Qian, FENG Liangshan, YANG Ning. Effect of Leaf Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield Apricot and Crops Intercropping in a Semi-arid Area[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2017, 32(5): 200-207. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.05.030.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2017/V32/I5/200

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