耕作和有机物料还田对麦田土壤理化性质及产量效益的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2017.05.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了解决不合理耕作和长期施用化肥造成的土壤质量及生产力下降等问题，探讨了不同耕作和有机物料还田耦合下麦田土壤理化性质及产量效益的变化。试验设深耕（S）、深耕+猪粪（SF）、深耕+玉米秸秆（SJ）、浅耕（Q）、浅耕+猪粪（QF）、浅耕+玉米秸秆（QJ）6个处理。结果表明：在麦田土壤理化性质方面，深耕耦合有机物料还田能显著改善土壤容重和土壤孔隙度，同时提高了土壤有机质、全磷及20~100 cm土层全氮含量，此外深耕处理还能提高20~40 cm土层土壤含水量；在产量效益方面，深耕耦合有机物料还田可改善小麦产量性状，增加小麦产量，相较于浅耕不还田处理，其余处理的相对增益率提高了2.01%~39.98%，其中深耕+猪粪还田处理具有最高的净收入，每公顷净收入较浅耕不还田处理增加了3 242.89元。综合来看，深耕条件下猪粪还田（2 300 kg/hm²）能有效改善土壤物理结构，增加土壤养分，提高作物产量且具有可观的经济效益，是更有效的耕作和施肥方式。

关键词: 小麦, 耕作, 有机物料, 物理结构, 土壤养分, 产量效益

Abstract: In order to solve the decreasing soil fertility and productivity caused by unreasonable tillage and long-term excessive use of chemical fertilizers,the study of different tillage and organic manures returning to field on soil physical structure,nutrients and wheat yield benefits in deep tillage condition were analyzed in this experiment in Huojia County,Henan Province.There were six treatments about tillage and fertilizing methods in the trial including deep tillage(S),deep tillage with pig manure returning(SF),deep tillage with maize straw returning(SJ),shallow tillage(Q),shallow tillage with pig manure returning(QF),shallow tillage with maize straw returning(QJ).The results,on one hand,indicated that deep tillage with organic manures returning significantly improved soil bulk density and soil porosity,at the same time increased the soil organic matter content,total phosphorus content,and total nitrogen content in 20-100 cm soil layer.In addition,the deep tillage increased the water content in 20-40 cm soil layer.On the other hand,deep tillage with organic manures returning improved wheat yield components and increased wheat yield.Compared with shallow tillage treatment,other treatments increased gain rate by 2.01%-39.98%,and deep tillage with pig manure returning had the highest net income which increased by 3 242.89 yuan per hectare.In a word,deep tillage with organic manure returning,which improved soil physical structure,increased the soil nutrients and crop yield,and caused better economic benefits too,would be an effective kind of tillage and fertilizing method for wheat cultivation.

Key words: Wheat, Tillage, Organic manures, Physical structure, Soil nutrients, Yield benefits

中图分类号:

邵云, 王敬婼, 张紧紧, 韩蕊, 冯荣成, 马守臣, 李昊烊. 耕作和有机物料还田对麦田土壤理化性质及产量效益的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2017, 32(5): 208-215. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.05.031.

SHAO Yun, WANG Jingruo, ZHANG Jinjin, HAN Rui, FENG Rongcheng, MA Shouchen, LI Haoyang. Effects of Tillage and Organic Manures Returning to Field on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Yield Benefits in Wheat Field[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2017, 32(5): 208-215. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2017.05.031.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2017/V32/I5/208

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