摘要： 为了解大麦群体遗传多样性，指导大麦育种亲本组配，对137份栽培与野生大麦籽粒性状差异进行比较，结合皮裸、棱型特征，估算各品种间遗传相似系数（GS），对群体进行聚类分析。结果表明，栽培大麦粒长（8.16 cm）显著短于野生大麦粒长（13.19 cm），但其粒宽与粒厚（3.33 cm与2.62 cm）相对于野生大麦（2.92 cm与1.69 cm）显著增加，粒重在两者间差异不显著。大麦籽粒性状变异可能与品种选育中增加穗粒数及改良品质目标有关。群体遗传多样性分析表明，遗传相似系数（GS）变幅为0~0.5，平均值为0.34，在0.334水平上将参试材料聚为4类。第Ⅰ类为六棱皮大麦（35份），主要为饲用，来源地为我国中东部地区；第Ⅱ类为六棱裸大麦（47份），主要为食用，来自青藏高原一带；第Ⅲ类是二棱皮大麦（51份），包括啤用大麦（来自我国）与野生大麦（来自以色列）；第Ⅳ类是二棱裸大麦（4份），其中1份来自湖北，其他3份来源地不明确。聚类结果与棱型、皮裸特征分类一致，与来源地无明显相关性，但在一定程度上表现与大麦用途相关。大麦群体遗传多样性丰富，在育种实践中利用野生大麦资源时，建议将其与遗传距离相对较近的栽培二棱皮大麦进行组配，有利于优良基因位点纯合，提高育种效率。

关键词: 栽培大麦, 野生大麦, 籽粒性状, 遗传多样性

Abstract: To learn about the genetic diversity and provide guidance for the combination of barley parents,differences of grain traits were compared among 137 cultivated and wild barley accessions. Genetic similarity coefficient(GS) and clustering analysis were performed based on the phenotypic values of grain size,row-type and glume. The results showed that grain length was significantly reduced in cultivated barley(8.16 cm) than in wild barley(13.19 cm),but both grain width(3.33 cm) and thickness(2.62 cm) were increased in cultivated barley than those of 2.92 cm and 1.69 cm in wild barley. Variation of grain weight was not significant between them. The variance of grain traits may be correlated with enhancement of panicle per spike and grain quality. Genetic clustering analysis showed the genetic similarity coefficient(GS) varied from 0 to 0.5,with the average value of 0.34. The barley accessions were clustered at GS of 0.334 into 4 groups. Group one consisted of 35 six-rowed hulled barley accessions originated from mid-eastern China for animal food. Group two consisted of 47 six-rowed hulless barley accessions from Qinghai-Tibet plateau for food. Group three consisted 51 two-rowed hulled barley accessions including malting barley from China and wild barley from Israel. Group four included 4 two-rowed hulless barley genotypes,one of which is from Hubei Province and the other origination was unknown. Clustering results were consistent with classification by phenotype of row-type and glume,and related with the usage of barley,but appear unrelated to the origination. Based on the results,crosses between wild barley and two-rowed hulled barley are recommended to accelerate the homozygosis of elite genetic loci to improve the efficiency of barley breeding program.

Key words: Cultivated barley, Wild barley, Grain trait, Genetic diversity

中图分类号: 

• S512.03

• S323