摘要： 以漫灌方式为对照，研究了井渠结合灌区微灌不同灌水量对冬小麦产量形成及耗水特征的影响，为该区节水技术的应用提供技术支撑。设置了4个微灌处理（灌水量分别为90，135，180，225 mm）和1个漫灌对照处理。结果表明，在该年型下微灌总灌水量180 mm即可达到小麦高产，在该灌水量下穗数较高，穗粒数和千粒质量适中；漫灌对照处理灌水量虽多，但产量并无优势。耗水量随灌溉量的增加而增加，尤其是灌水量超过135 mm后耗水量增幅明显，并且灌水量超过180 mm，其水分利用效率明显下降。灌水量达到180 mm即可得到较高的叶面积指数，并且在该灌水量范围内作物生长较快，干物质积累量较高。较少或较多的灌溉量均不利于得到较高的倒三叶SPAD值，灌水135~180 mm叶片持绿性较好。可见，该年型微灌灌水量宜控制在180 mm以内，在该灌水量内产量较高，灌水量较对照却减少148 mm，耗水量减少123 mm，水分利用效率大幅提高。

关键词: 冬小麦, 微灌, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: The yield formation and the water consumption characteristics of winter wheat under micro-irrigation were studied with flooding irrigation as control in combined irrigation area of well and canal. The purpose is to provide technical support for the application of water saving technology in this area. 4 micro-irrigation treatment(the water amount were 90,135,180,225 mm respectively) and 1 flood irrigation control treatment were set. The result showed that the highest grain yield and spike number was get when the irrigation amount was 180 mm,and grain number per spike and grain weight were also higher in this irrigation amount. The irrigation amount was maximum for flood irrigation treatment,but the yield had no advantage. The water consumption amount increased with the increasing of irrigation amount,especially when the irrigation amount more than 135 mm the water consumption amount increased rapidly,while the water use efficiency decreased obviously when the irrigation amount more than 180 mm. The higher leaf area index could be obtained when the irrigation amount was 180 mm,and the crop growth rate was faster and the dry matter accumulation was higher in this irrigation amount. Higher leaf SPAD value was not get under less or more irrigation amount,while the keeping green time for leaf was longer when irrigation amount in the range of 135 mm to 180 mm. So the micro-irrigation amount should be controlled in less than 180 mm in this year type. Compared with the flood control,the grain yield was higher,and irrigation water amount and water consumption amount were decreased by 148 mm and 123 mm,respectively,and WUE increased substantially within the 180 mm irrigation amount.

Key words: Wheat, Micro-irrigation, Grain yield, Water use efficiency

中图分类号: 

• S365