摘要： 针对低平原区水资源缺乏问题，研究不同降雨年型下不同灌溉模式对小麦的产量、耗水组成、耗水量及水分利用效率等的影响，为水资源高效利用提供依据。试验于2012-2013年和2013-2014年2个小麦生长季进行，采用裂区设计，以春季5个灌溉模式作为主处理（春季灌溉1水-W1、2水-W2、3水-W3和4水-W4，不灌溉作对照-W0），以3个不同类型小麦品种作为副处理（小麦品种衡观35、石4185和衡4399）。研究结果表明：随灌溉量的增加，产量非线性增加，产量受降雨的多少和阶段分配的影响，2年分别以3水模式（少雨年）和4水模式（多雨年）产量最高，但2012-2013年度2水模式和3水模式产量差异不显著；不同品种的水分反应特性不同，石4185的水分反应较敏感，衡观35和衡4399 2个品种相对节水抗旱，且品种的增产潜力大；从水分利用效率看，随灌溉量的增加产量水分利用效率呈先增加再降低趋势，但灌溉水的利用效率下降，而且品种的水分利用效率存在年际差异，衡观35 2年均以2水水分利用效率最高，石4185 2年均以3水的水分利用效率最高，衡4399在2012-2013年以3水的水分利用效率最高，在2014年以1水的水分利用效率最高；耗水量、阶段耗水量和耗水组成受灌水量和降雨分配的影响，灌溉量越大，对土壤水分的消耗比例越小，2年中由于降雨的分配阶段不同，阶段耗水量和耗水组成出现差异。拔节到灌浆初期2012-2013年阶段耗水量高于2013-2014年，主要消耗的分别是土壤水（2012-2013）和降雨（2013-2014）。因此，在缺水的低平原区，采用春灌2水的灌溉模式，既可提高水分的利用效率又兼顾品种的生产潜力，同时又可充分利用自然降水。

关键词: 冬小麦, 灌溉模式, 产量, 耗水组成, 阶段耗水量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: In order to relieve the crisis of water resource scarcity in the low plain area,study was conducted in 2012-2013 and 2013-2014 wheat growing seasons in different rainfall years. A split block design was used with 5 different irrigation regimes(1,2,3,4 times irrigation,no irrigation as control,represented by W1,W2,W3,W4 and W0 respectively,and W0 as control) as the main treatments and 3 different types of winter wheat varieties(Hengguan 35,Heng 4399,Shi 4185) as the sub-treatments. The yield,components of water consumption,stage water consumption,water use efficiency(WUE) and irrigation water use efficiency(IWUE) of wheat were analyzed,so as to provide basis for high efficient utilization of water resources.The results showed that the yield increased nonlinearly with the increase of irrigation amount,the highest yields were with 3 irrigations model in 2012-2013(less rainfall) and 4 irrigations model in 2013-2014(more rainfall) respectively,but not significantly different from the yield of 2 irrigation model in 2012-2013,and they were affected by amount and distribution of rainfall.As far as variety was concerned,water response characteristics of different varieties were different. Shi 4185 was comparatively more sensitive to irrigation and Hengguan 35 and Heng 4399 were more tolerant to drought with higher yield at a same irrigation model. As to water use efficiency,they were first increased and then decreased with the amount of irrigation increments,but IWUE always decreased. WUEs of different cultivars were different in two years. WUE of Henguan 35 were highest with 2 irrigation mode,Shi 4185 with 3 irrigation mode and Heng 4399 with 3 irrigation in 2012-2013 and 1 irrigation mode in 2013-2014. The water consumption and water consumption components were affected by irrigation amount and distribution of rainfall,the greater the amount of irrigation,the less proportion of soil water consumed. Stage water consumption varied with rainfall distribution,it was higher in 2012-2013 than 2013-2014 at the jointing to early filling stage and the water consumption component was mainly soil water(2012-2013) and rainfall(2013-2014) respectively.In the low plain area,selecting the irrigation regimes of 2 irrigations was able to take the advantage of both variety yield potential and a higher WUE.

Key words: Winter wheat, Irrigation regime, Yield, Water consumption component, Stage water consumption, WUE

中图分类号: 

• S365

• S272