摘要： 为了给提高耕层肥力、合理利用农业废弃秸秆提供良好的依据，采用腐殖质组成修改法与红外光谱法分析了不同秸秆还田条件下各施肥处理对非石灰性潮土腐殖质含量及结构的变化。以青岛农业大学长期定位秸秆还田试验为基础，设5个试验处理，施氮肥条件下设小麦、玉米秸秆还田（WCN）、一季小麦秸秆还田（WN）2个处理，同时设小麦玉米两季秸秆还田（WC）、对照（CK）、单施有机肥（M）处理。结果表明：随着时间的延续，秸秆还田条件下，2015年各处理土壤中胡敏酸（HA）、富里酸（FA）含量分别平均较2009年提高了117.68%，102.5%。与CK相比，秸秆还田模式各处理土壤腐殖酸总含量（HE）平均增幅21.8%~47.9%，其中腐殖质含量最高为WCN，2015年较CK增长118.8%，较2009年原始土壤增长了183.63%。两季秸秆还田配施化肥处理，能够增加土壤胡敏酸和富里酸的含量，胡富比值增大，增加腐殖酸含量并使之平稳增长。土壤腐殖物质活力从高到低为：WCN > WN > M > WC。两季秸秆还田及配施有机肥，提高了芳香族类、羧基类化合物含量，而多糖类化合物含量减少，可提升土壤腐殖质的活性及芳化程度。两季秸秆还田配施氮肥可提高土壤中有机碳含量，提高土壤地力。

关键词: 红外光谱法, 秸秆还田, 腐殖质含量, 腐殖质结构

Abstract: In this study,the humus composition analysis under different straw returning the fertilization treatment on noncalcareous fluvo aquic soil humus content and structure change,in order to improve topsoil fertility and reasonable utilization of agricultural waste straw provides a good basis for amending method and infrared spectroscopy.Based on the long-term field experiment,five treatments were set up,and two treatments were applied to the treatment of wheat,corn straw returning (WCN),wheat straw returning to field (WN),and two season (WC),control (CK) and (M).Research results showed that:under the condition of returning straw to field with time.The content of Humic acid (HA) and Fulcic acid (FA) in each soil was increased by 117.68% and 102.5% respectively compared with 2009.Compared with CK,the total content of soil Humic acid (HA) increased by 21.8%-47.9%,the highest content of humus was WCN,in 2015,compared with CK growth of 118.8%,compared with 2009,the original soil increased by 183.63%.Two season straw returning to the field with chemical fertilizer treatment,can increase the soil humic acid and rich in acid content,the ratio of Hu rich increase,increase the humic acid content and make it stable growth.Soil humus activity from high to low was:WCN > WN > M > WC.Two seasons of straw and with application organic fertilizer,improve the aromatic and carboxyl compounds content,and polysaccharide compounds decreases,enhance soil humus activity and aromatization degree.The two quarter straw fertilizer nitrogen could increase the content of organic carbon in soil,improve soil fertility.

Key words: Infrared spectrometry, Straw returning, Humus content, Humus structure

中图分类号: 

• S157

• S158