不同秸秆还田方式对水稻产量及土壤养分的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751760

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明不同秸秆还田方式对水稻产量及土壤养分的影响，设置4种不同秸秆还田方式：秸秆不还田（BR）、秸秆直接还田（ZR）、秸秆粉碎还田（FR）、秸秆炭化还田（CR）。通过测定水稻产量、土壤有机质、全钾、全氮、全磷、速效钾、速效磷和碱解氮含量，对各项指标数据与水稻产量进行相关性分析。结果表明：秸秆还田对水稻产量及土壤养分有显著影响。在水稻成熟期，ZR、FR、CR较BR处理土壤有机质含量平均高9.19%~19.53%，差异显著（P < 0.05），且以CR处理增幅最明显；全氮含量平均高9.65%~20.83%，差异显著（P < 0.05），且以FR增幅最明显；全磷含量平均高2.66%~15.51%；差异显著（P < 0.05），且以CR处理增幅最明显；速效钾含量平均高3.18%~24.37%，差异显著（P < 0.05），且以CR处理增幅最明显。研究还发现，短期内（1 a） CR处理产量最高，达到了6 900 kg/hm²，较FR处理产量提高了3.16%，较ZR和BR处理产量分别提高了5.64%和8.35%。综合来看，CR处理是短期内提高水稻产量和土壤肥力的最佳选择，关于长期的最理想选择还需要在田间试验开展长久的、深入的研究。

关键词: 秸秆还田, 水稻产量, 土壤养分

Abstract: In order to investigate the effects of different straw returning methods on rice yield and soil nutrients, four different straw returning methods were set up:carbonized straw returning(CR), crushed straw returning(FR), straw direct returning(ZR), and straw non-returning(BR). Variance and correlation analysis were conducted between the data and rice yield by measuring rice yield, soil organic matter, total potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available potassium, available phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen. The results showed that straw returning had significant effects on rice yield and soil nutrients. At ripening stage of rice, the soil organic matter contents of ZR, FR and CR were 9.19%-19.53% higher than that of BR, and it was the most obvious in CR treatment(P < 0.05). Total nitrogen content was 9.65%-20.83% higher on average, and the difference was significant(P < 0.05). The increase of total phosphorus content was 2.66%-15.51%, and the difference was significant(P < 0.05). The increase of available potassium content was the most obvious in CR treatment and it was 3.18%-24.37% higher in average, reaching to significant level(P < 0.05). It was also found that the yield of CR treatment was the highest in a short period of time(1 a), which was 3.16%, 5.64% and 8.35% higher than that of FR, ZR and BR treatment, respectively. Comprehensive analysis showed that CR treatment was the best choice to improve rice yield and soil fertility in the short term, but long-term optimal selection should carry out the long-term and in-depth field trials.

Key words: Straw returning, Rice yield, Soil nutrients

中图分类号:

S141.4
S511

伍佳, 王忍, 吕广动, 隆斌庆, 杨飞翔, 陈慧娜, 黄璜. 不同秸秆还田方式对水稻产量及土壤养分的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(6): 177-183. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751760.

WU Jia, WANG Ren, Lü Guangdong, LONG Binqing, YANG Feixiang, CHEN Huina, HUANG Huang. Effects of Different Straw Returning Ways on Rice Yield and Soil Nutrients[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(6): 177-183. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751760.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I6/177

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