氮肥施用量对华北集约化农区作物产量和土壤硝态氮累积的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.073

华北农学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (S1): 405-409. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.073

所属专题： 土壤肥料；

氮肥施用量对华北集约化农区作物产量和土壤硝态氮累积的影响

茹淑华, 张国印, 耿暖, 王凌, 孙世友

河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所, 河北石家庄 050051

收稿日期:2015-10-21 出版日期:2015-12-28
通讯作者: 张国印(1962-),男,山西陵川人,研究员,硕士,主要从事农业环境研究.
作者简介:茹淑华(1973-),女,河北平山人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事施肥与农业环境方面的研究.
基金资助:
国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B02-2);公益性行业(环保)课题(201309035-1);农业部科技教育司资助项目(NYB2006-02)

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Crop Yield and the Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation in the Intensive Agriculture Region in North China

RU Shu-hua, ZHANG Guo-yin, GENG Nuan, WANG Ling, SUN Shi-you

Institute of Agro-resourse and Environment, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050051, China

Received:2015-10-21 Published:2015-12-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为优化华北集约化农区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系氮肥用量,通过田间小区试验研究不同氮肥用量对土壤硝态氮累积以及作物产量的影响.结果表明,试验区小麦籽粒产量最高施氮量为309 kg/hm²,最佳经济效益施氮量为291 kg/hm².玉米籽粒产量最高施氮量为213 kg/hm²,最佳经济效益施氮量为199 kg/hm².随着施氮量和种植年限的增加,0~200 cm剖面土壤硝态氮累积量明显增加.施氮量最高的N4处理(小麦季施氮量375 kg/hm²、玉米季施氮量300 kg/hm²)与种植第1季相比,第2季小麦收获后土壤硝态氮累积量增加56.06%,第2季玉米收获后增加62.07%.随着施氮量的增加,100~200 cm土壤硝态氮累积量所占总量的比例明显增加.小麦季和玉米季施氮量均为150 kg/hm²时,小麦和玉米的氮肥利用率最大,分别为46.61%和37.51%.综合考虑氮肥用量对作物产量以及土壤硝态氮的淋失风险,提出华北集约化农区小麦施氮量应控制为250~300 kg/hm²,玉米施氮量应控制为150~200 kg/hm²,以保证作物高产,防止过量肥料氮累积,减少淋溶风险.

关键词: 华北, 施氮量, 冬小麦, 夏玉米, 硝态氮, 累积

Abstract: To optimize nitrogen fertilization rate in wheat-maize rotation system in the intensive agriculture areas of North China,the field experiment was carried out to study the effects of nitrogen application rate on soil nitrate nitrogen accumulation and crop yield.The results showed that the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application should be 309 kg/ha to guarantee the highest yield of winter wheat.The best economic nitrogen rate for winter wheat was 291 kg/ha.The amount of nitrogen fertilizer application should be 213 kg/ha to guarantee the highest yield of summer maize.The best economic nitrogen rate for summer maize was 199 kg/ha.With increasing N application rate and planting years,nitrate N accumulation in the soil rapidly increased.Compared with the first planting year,soil nitrate accumulation of the treatment(nitrogen rate of 375 kg/ha in wheat season,nitrogen rate of 300 kg/ha in corn season) increased 56.06% for wheat harvest and 62.07% for maize harvest after the second planting year.The higher amount of nitrogen,100-200 cm soil nitrate accumulation proportion of the total would be greater.Nitrogen rate of 150 kg/ha in wheat and corn season,the nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of wheat and corn would maximum,46.61% and 37.51% respectively.Considering the amount of nitrogen leaching risk and crop yield,it was advisable to suggest that the N application rate should be controlled within the range of 250-300 kg/ha for wheat and 150-200 kg/ha for corn,respectively in intensive agricultural region of North China.This would guarantee high yields and prevent excessive accumulation of fertilizer N in the soil and reduce the risk of nitrate N leaching.

Key words: North China, Nitrogen application, Winter wheat, Summer maize, Nitrate-N, Accumulation

中图分类号:

S143.1

茹淑华, 张国印, 耿暖, 王凌, 孙世友. 氮肥施用量对华北集约化农区作物产量和土壤硝态氮累积的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2015, 30(S1): 405-409. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.073.

RU Shu-hua, ZHANG Guo-yin, GENG Nuan, WANG Ling, SUN Shi-you. Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Crop Yield and the Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation in the Intensive Agriculture Region in North China[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2015, 30(S1): 405-409. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2015.S1.073.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2015/V30/IS1/405

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氮肥施用量对华北集约化农区作物产量和土壤硝态氮累积的影响

Effect of Nitrogen Application Rate on Crop Yield and the Soil Nitrate Nitrogen Accumulation in the Intensive Agriculture Region in North China

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