摘要： 为了给防治番茄连作障碍提供科学依据,通过室内培养法,研究了石灰氮、炭化玉米芯和稻壳的加入对含有自毒物质土壤的土壤酶活性和微生物数量的影响。结果表明:番茄叶片腐解过程中含有邻苯二甲酸、鞣酸、香草酸等酚酸化合物,番茄叶片在腐解过程中自毒物质含量呈现由低到高,再逐渐降低的规律,25 d自毒物质含量达到高峰。试验发现,自毒物质对多酚氧化酶活性有一定的促进作用,对脲酶、酸性磷酸酶以及蛋白酶活性均有不同程度的抑制作用,同时自毒物质能够抑制细菌的数量增加,提高真菌的数量。添加石灰氮不能缓解自毒物质对4种土壤酶的影响,但石灰氮可以降低土壤中细菌和真菌的数量,并能提高土壤B/F值。添加2.5%炭化玉米芯和稻壳后缓解了番茄叶片腐解物对土壤酶活性、土壤中细菌、真菌的数量及B/F值的影响,大大降低了自毒物质的毒害作用。相比而言,炭化玉米芯的缓解效果更为明显。

关键词: 生物炭, 腐解物, 自毒物质, 土壤酶活性, 土壤微生物

Abstract: The experiment was to provide basis for prevention of suppressive cropping problems of tomato.Taking indoor cultivation,used lime nitrogen,carbonized maize cob and rice husk to study their effects on the quantity of microorganisms and enzyme activities in the soil amended with autotoxicity.The results obtained were listed as follows.Decomposition of tomato leaf contained some kinds of phenolic acids such as phthalic acid,tannic acid and vanillic acid.Compared with the control group,autotoxic chemicals increased the polyphenol oxidase activity and decreased the activity of urase,acid phosphatase and proteinase.Bacterial numbers decreased while fungi increased.Adding lime nitrogen could not relieve the effect of autotoxic chemicals on enzyme activities in the soil.It decreased the quantity of bacterial and fungi.But B/F was increased.When 2.5% carbonized maize cob and rice husk was added into the soil treated with decomposition of tomato leaf,they had promoting effect on enzyme activities and bacterial numbers.The quantity of soil fungi and the ratios of B/F were decreased.They relieved the toxic effect of autotoxic chemicals.Compared with rice husk,the carbonized maize cob had a more obvious effect.

Key words: Biochar, Decomposition, Autotoxic chemicals, Soil enzyme activities, Soil micro-organism

中图分类号: 

• S154