摘要： 玉米田间优化配置是提高玉米单产的有效途径之一,本研究采用裂区试验的方法,以中密玉米品种(沈玉21)为试验材料,在三比空密疏密、大垄双行和等行距3种配置方式下,设计51 000株/hm²(常规种植密度水平)、56 000株/hm²(常规密度水平下增加10%)和61 000株/hm²(常规密度水平下增加20%)3个种植密度,研究了单作玉米田间优化配置对玉米生长发育、群体光合特征和产量的影响。结果表明,随着密度的增加,单位面积产量、群体叶面积指数、群体光合效率均有提高。在不同配置间,三比空密疏密的产量、叶面积指数、穗位叶叶绿素含量、群体光合速率均显著高于其他处理,说明在一定密度水平(增加10%)条件下,三比空密疏密配置方式更有助于中密玉米品种扩大光合面积、增加穗位叶绿素含量、提高群体光合速率,从而提高单位产量。因此,在本试验和辽西特定的自然条件下中密玉米品种以三比空密疏密配置方式和56 000株/hm²的密度水平是提高玉米单产的最佳配置方式。

关键词: 辽西地区, 玉米, 田间优化, 效应

Abstract: The study of planting patterns is critical to improve maize yield.Under the method of split plot ex-periment, based on the three configuration model of three ratio space, big ridge double line and equal line, the arti-cle adopts middle-density maize variety (Shenyu 21),designs 51 000 plants/ha(Conventional planting density lev-el),56 000 plants/ha(Increases 10% on conventional density levels)and 61 000 plants/ha(Increases 20% on conventional density levels ), discusses the effect of monoculture maize field optimal configuration on growth devel-opment, community photosynthetic characteristics and yield.Research result shows that, with the increase of density, yield per unit area, community leaf area index and community photosynthetic efficiency are increased.In the differ-ent configurations, three ratio space is significantly superior to other modes such as grain yield, leaf area index, chlo-rophyll content of ear leaf and community photosynthetic rate.Under the condition of certain planting density ( In-creases 10%), three ratio space mode is better to help middle-density maize variety to expand photosynthetic area, increase chlorophyll content of ear leaf, enhance photosynthetic rate, and improve the unit yield finally.From this experiment, our results indicated that the best configuration pattern to improve maize yield are three ratio space planting mode and 56 000 plants/ha level in the western Liaoning province.

Key words: Liaoning westeRn distRict, Maize, Field optimum, Effect

中图分类号: 

• S513