摘要： 本研究试验地位于中国农业大学曲周试验站,于2002年3月开始按照有机、绿色和常规3种不同生产模式进行温室蔬菜长期试验研究。本试验分别于2009年1月18日、4月5日、7月11日、10月11日4次,分别在0～20cm和20～40 cm土层按S取样法取样,采用常规平板培养和菌落计数方法,测定土壤微生物的数量,旨在揭示不同管理方式土壤微生物数量和动态变化,为有机农业生产中的土壤管理提供依据。研究结果表明:有机管理方式明显促进土壤细菌数量的增长。其中,在0～20 cm土层中4～10月细菌数量变化为有机处理>常规对照,且在4月份和10月份达到显著水平;在20～40 cm土层:细菌的数量表现为有机处理>绿色处理、有机处理>常规对照,4～10月份有机处理细菌数量与常规对照有显著差异。有机管理方式明显促进土壤放线菌数量的增长。在0～20 cm和20～40 cm土层中,4～10月份放线菌数量变化为有机处理>绿色处理>常规对照,在0～20 cm土层,有机处理和常规对照之间有显著性差异;20～40 cm土层,10月份有机处理和常规对照达到显著水平。有机管理方式明显减少土壤真菌的数量。在0～20 cm土层,真菌数量变化为有机处理<绿色处理<常规对照,10月份有机处理和常规对照达到显著性水平;20～40 cm土层真菌数量变化趋势与0～20 cm土层真菌的数量变化趋势相反。

关键词: 有机处理, 绿色处理, 常规对照, 土壤微生物, 数量

Abstract: This study is a long-term trial of greenhouse vegetables production under three different treatments:organic,green and conventional,began in March 2002 in Quzhou Experimental Station of China Agricultural University.Soils were sampled in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm layer four times in January,April,July and October 2009.To reveal the number and dynamic changes of soil microorganisms under different managements,conventional plate culture and colony counting method were used to determine the number of soil microorganisms.The results showed that:Organic management significantly increased the number of soil bacteria.The number of bacteria in the organic treatment is more than that in conventional control,and the number of bacteria reached a significant level in April and October in 0-20 cm soil layer.The number of bacteria in the organic management is more than that in green management and conventional control,and the number of bacteria reached a significant level in April,July and October in 20-40 cm soil layer.Organic management significantly increased the number of soil actinomycetes.Among three managements,the number of actinomycetes is the most in the organic management and the least in the conventional control in the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer.In the 0-20 cm soil layer,the number of actinomycetes reached a significant level between the organic management and conventional control in April,July and October.In the 20-40 cm soil layer,the number of actinomycetes reached a significant level between the organic management and conventional control in October.Organic management significantly reduced the number of soil fungi.Among three managements,the number of fungi is the least in the organic management and the most in the conventional control in the 0-20 cm soil layer,the number of fungi reached a significant level between the organic management and conventional control in October.Compared with the 0-20 cm soil layer,the trend is opposite in the 20-40 cm soil layer.

Key words: Organic management, Green management, Conventional control, Soil microorganisms, Number

中图分类号: 

• S154.1