摘要： 为明确播前底墒、播种密度和生育期灌水对冬小麦的产量效应,于2008-2009年度,采用3因素裂区设计进行了试验和分析比较,结果表明,在小麦全生育期降水92.5 mm的干旱年型,播前土壤底墒(2 m土层内)由518 mm增至541 mm,产量提高14.7%;再进一步增至560 mm,增产甚微(0.4%)。在较低底墒基础上增加23 mm,增产1 180.9 kg/hm²,供水效率增量为51.3 kg/(hm².mm)。低墒条件下增加密度和灌水增产较为明显,但改善播前底墒的增产作用显著高于生育期播种密度和增灌开花水的作用。因此,播前造墒是实现小麦节水高产的重要措施。在底墒较低情况下通过增加密度和灌水,部分补偿底墒的不足而提高产量。

关键词: 冬小麦, 播前底墒, 播种密度, 生育期灌水, 产量

Abstract: In order to investigate the yield response to pre-planting soil moisture,planting density and irrigation during growth stage in winter wheat,an experiment was conducted by a split plot design in 2008-2009,typical of dry year with seasonal rainfall of 92.5 mm.It was found that when the pre-planting soil moisture increased from 518 mm to 541 mm within 2 m soil profile,the yield increased by 14.7%;further increase to 560 mm without further yield increase.Increase of 23 mm water from lower pre-planting soil moisture condition led to 1 180.9 kg/ha yield improvement with increment of 51.3 kg/(ha·mm) in supply water efficiency.The yield responded better to increase of density and irrigation under lower pre-planting soil moisture condition,however,the yield increase by pre-planting soil moisture improvement was higher than that of density and irrigation at flowering.It was concluded that improvement of pre-planting soil moisture was of importance to realize water saving and high yield.While the pre-planting soil moisture was at the sub-sufficient level,increase of planting density and irrigation could partially compensate the negative effect of lower pre-planting soil moisture to increase yield.

Key words: Winter wheat, Pre-planting soil moisture, Planting density, Irrigation at growth stage, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S15