华北平原蚯蚓对玉米秸秆直立还田冬小麦免耕播种的响应

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2010.S2.041

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 蚯蚓是最古老的耕耘者,它对于改善土壤结构,提高土壤肥力具有重要作用。农作措施对蚯蚓产生强烈的影响,集约化生产降低农田蚯蚓群体数量,影响土壤质量。本研究旨在弄清我国华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系下玉米秸秆直立状态还田冬小麦免耕播种(直免)对蚯蚓的影响。结果表明,该地区冬小麦-夏玉米轮作体系下,蚯蚓主要分布于土壤的表层(0~10 cm),表层蚯蚓数量同时受到秸秆管理和耕作措施的影响,直免上层数量与下层数量的差异较大;在10~20 cm土层,蚯蚓数量主要受耕作措施的影响;玉米秸秆直立还田免耕播种冬小麦能显著提高土壤蚯蚓数量;蚯蚓数量季节性变化明显,9-10月份是该地区小麦玉米轮作体系下的高峰期。秸秆清除及免耕措施下蚯蚓数量季节性波动较大,数量稳定性较低,直免蚯蚓数量稳定性相对较高;在0~10 cm的土层,蚯蚓数量和土壤水分含量、土壤微生物量碳含量、土壤水稳定性团聚团粒(0.25 mm)含量呈显著正相关,在10~20 cm土层则没有显著相关。直免措施下,生物因子和土壤环境之间的互作有利于土壤肥力水平的提高,为该地区土壤肥力的调控提供了一条重要的途径。

关键词: 冬小麦, 夏玉米, 直立免耕, 蚯蚓

Abstract: "Earthworm was an old cultivator and its activities impacts on the soil physiochemical and biological properties and so played very important role on ameliorating soil structure and improvement of soil fertility.Cultivation practices such as tillage intensively influenced it and intensive agriculture might decrease the population of earthworm and subsequently decreased the soil quality.The aim of this study the response of the population of earthworm to sowing winter wheat and no-tillage in winter wheat / summer maize rotation system in north China.The result suggested:that earthworm mainly lived in lower soil layer of 0-10 cm and the amount of earthworm were affected by straw and tillage measurements and that the difference between upper soil layer and underlayer of amount of earthworm was biggest in treatment of no till sowing winter wheat under maize straw erect condition(NTME);that the amount of earthworm was influenced just by tillage and but straw management;the NTME could improve the amount of earthworm;the amount of earthworm seasonally fluctuated significantly attaining its highest value in Sept.and Oct.in winter wheat / summer maize rotation system in this region and that the fluctuation was grave or lower stability of amount of earthworm in no maize straw return or no-till and on the contrary was higher stability in NTME;the amount of earthworm was positively correlated with soil moisture content,soil microbial biomass carbon content,water stability soil aggregates content of 0.25 mm,in 0-10 cm of soil layer and was not in 10-20 cm.NTME could benefit the improvement of soil fertility due to the interaction between the biological factors soil environmental factors under this condition and put forward a important way to control and regulation soil fertility in this region. "

Key words: Winterwheat, Summermaize, Zero till with straw retention at upright state

中图分类号:

S512.11

牛新胜, 张宏彦, 马永良. 华北平原蚯蚓对玉米秸秆直立还田冬小麦免耕播种的响应[J]. 华北农学报, 2010, 25(S2): 182-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2010.S2.041.

NIU Xin-sheng, ZHANG Hong-yan, MA Yong-liang. Response of Earthworm to Zeyo Till Winter Wheat with Maize Straw Retention at Upright State in North China Plain[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2010, 25(S2): 182-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2010.S2.041.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2010/V25/IS2/182

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