摘要： 利用在冀西北坝上高寒地区筛选出的不同多育性的玉米材料,研究了它们在坝上(春播)、河北香河(春播)、北京(夏播)和海南(秋播)等4个不同生态条件下的双穗性状以及其他性状的表现,并初步分析了影响双穗性状的主要生态因子。结果表明:在4个不同生态环境中,坝上的高寒生态条件对双穗性状有明显的促进作用,并使株高、穗位降低,茎粗增加,穗分化开始时的叶龄增加。因此推测坝上高寒地区温度低、太阳辐射强的生态条件延迟了生殖器官的发育,同时促进了营养器官的生长,使得孕穗阶段上部多个雌穗的分化进程比较接近,并最终导致双穗抽丝和成穗同步性的增强。

关键词: 玉米, 多育性, 生态因子

Abstract: The double-ear ratio and some other traits of maize materials with different prolificacy,which were screened in Bashang upland,were conducted in four ecological environments,i. e., Bashang (spring sown), Xianghe (spring sown), Beijing (summer sown) and Hainan (autumn sown). The main ecological elements affecting maize prolificacy were analyzed initially. The results show that the ecological environment of Bashang upland is favorable to maize double-ear traits,and reduces plant and ear height,increases stem width,leaf number below ear and leaf age at beginning of ear differentiation. Hence,it is inferred that the Bashang environment with lower temperature and higher radiation postpones the reproductive development of maize,and is advantageous to vegetative growth. It also contributes to an approach of differentiation processes of several ears at top node positions during booting stage,and ultimately leads to the enhancement of double-ear silking and kernel bearing.

Key words: Maize, Prolificacy, Ecological elements

中图分类号: 

• S513.01