摘要： 氮磷钾配施有机肥提高耕层土壤全磷的效果十分明显, 比对照增加52.2%, 而氮磷钾配施秸秆比对照增加18.85%;氮磷、磷钾、或氮磷钾配合分别比对照增加17.87%, 15.88%和14.89%, 明显高于长期单施氮肥, 或氮钾配合处理;氮磷钾配施有机肥速效磷含量比不施肥增加10倍以上, 而氮磷钾配施秸秆比对照增加3倍;氮磷、磷钾、或氮磷钾配合分别比对照增加3～5倍。单一施用氮磷钾化肥作物钾素吸收量和施钾量总体上是平衡的, 氮磷钾化肥配施有机肥或秸秆具有提高土壤速效钾含量的作用, 比对照分别增加16.0%和11.4%, 不施钾肥处理总体上速效钾含量是逐年下降的。各处理土壤缓效钾含量多年总体上都是下降的;但与对照及不施钾处理比较, 施钾处理土壤缓效钾含量较高。

关键词: 长期施肥, 褐潮土, 磷, 钾, 速效供应能力

Abstract: In comparison with CK, NPKM increased soil total P content by 52.2%, and that in the treatment of NPK + straw increased by 18.85%, NP, PK and NPK treatment increased by 17.87%, 15.88% and 14.89%, respectively. Above soil total P increases were also higher than those with the treatment of N only or NK. Compared with CK, soil available P increased by 10-fold and 3-fold with the treatment of NPKM and NPK + straw, and 3 -5 fold with NP, PK and NPK. Therefore, application of chemical fertilizer alone without organic manure can keep the balance of K input and output. Addition of NPK along with pig manure and straw increased soil available K by 16. 0% and 11.4% respectively, compared with CK. The available K declined year by year in the treatments without K fertilizer. Changes of soil slow-released K followed similar trend to the available K. Therefore, long-term application of ehemieal K fertilizer or its combined application with organic materials can not only meet the K demand by crops.

Key words: Long-term fertilization, Fluro-aquil soil, P, K, Availability supply capality

中图分类号: 

• S158