摘要： 在节水栽培条件下，研究了不同施氮量及氮肥施用时期对冬小麦产量、生育期间土壤硝态氮含量的影响。结果表明，冬小麦施氮处理产量均高于N0，N88.5+69处理产量最高，氮肥生理效率则随施氮量增加而显著降低。开花期以及成熟期各施氮处理0～100 cm土体硝态氮含量均明显高于N0，各生育期0～60 cm土层硝态氮含量均随施氮量增加而增加，开花期各处理2 m土体硝态氮含量达到最高值，成熟期20～60 cm土层相同施氮量(157.5，226.5kg/hm²)均表现为氮肥分次施用处理硝态氮含量高于一次性底施处理(N88.5+69>N157.5，N123+103.5>N226.5)。成熟期土壤硝态氮2 m土体累积量随施氮量增加显著增加，且等量氮肥分次施用显著高于一次性底施。

关键词: 施氮量, 冬小麦, 产量, NO³_--N

Abstract: A field experiment was carried out in order to identify the effect of rates and time of nitrogen application on grain yield of winter wheat and soil NO³_--N content of 2 m profile during growing stage. The experiment was conducted at the Wuqiao Experiment Station of China Agriculture University, Cangzhou city, Hebei province, China. The mean rainfall was 562 mm for past 10 years, and it was 69.5 mm (2004/2005) during the growth period of winter wheat. The results showed that: the grain yield ranged from 7350 to 7815 kg/ha, yield of application N treatment were higher than N0. The nitrogen physiological efficiency significantly decrease at 0.05 level with the rates of nitrogen application increasing. The soil NO³_--N content of application N treatments at anthesis and harvest were significantly higher than N0. At the same time, soil NO³_--N content in 0-60 cm profile increase with the rates of nitrogen application at jointing, anthesis and harvest, respectively. The soil NO³_--N content at anthesis were highest during growing stages. The soil NO³_--N content in 20-60 cm profile of two split N application was higher than basal N application of 157.5 and 226.5 kg/ha at harvest (N88.5+69>N157.5, N123+103.5>N226.5), respectively. The accumulation of soil NO³_--N residue of 2 m profile at harvest significantly increase with the rates of nitrogen application, and the accumulation of soil NO³_--N of two split application were higher than of basal application under same nitrogen rates.

Key words: Nitrogen application rate, Winter wheat, Yield, NO³_--N

中图分类号: 

• S143.1