摘要： 利用6个品种.即2个基因型雄性不育系(ms-1和ms-2)、2个外引品种(丹巴格和辛道斯64)和2个地方品种(豫芝一号和86-1)配制完全双列杂交,进行杂种优势、配合力及反交效应研究.结果:F-1杂种的产量以ms-2×丹巴格、丹巴格×豫芝一号、丹巴格×ms-2为最高.分别比当地品种豫芝一号增产155.02%、135.87%和117.93%.其配合力方差,除花期长的特殊配合力方差未达显著水平外,株高、始蒴高度、主茎果轴长、分枝数、单株蒴数、单蒴粒数、千粒重和单株产量的一般配合力方差、特殊配合力方差及反交效应方差均达极显著水平,说明加性基因作用与非加性基因作用对这些性状的影响同时存在.σ_s~2∶σ_g~2比值在主茎果轴长、单蒴粒数、千粒重与单株产量上较大,表明非加性基因对这些性状的作用较大.

关键词: 芝麻, 杂种优势, 配合力, 反交效应

Abstract: Heterosis, combining ability and reciprocal effects in a full diallel set of 6 varieties ( 2 genotypic male sterile lines, ms- 1 , ms- 2 , 2 exotic varieties: Danbackggae, Sindos 64 and 2 local varieties: Yuzhi No. 1 , 86-1) were studied in 1989. F1s from ms-2 , 2 × danbackggae, Danbackggae × Yuzhi No. 1 and Danbackggae ×ms- 2 displayed the highest heterosis, their yield surpassed the local variety Yuzhi No. 1 by 155.02%, 135.87% and 117.93%, respectively. The variances for general combining ability, special combining ability and reciprocal effect in 9 characters (plant height, height of first capsule, length of the main fruit axis, numbers of branch, capsules/plant, seeds/capsule, 1 000 seed weight and yield/plant) except the special combining ability of flowering period length, were all highly significant. It indicated the influence of both additive and non-additive gene actions. The higher ratio of σ2S:σ2g in the length of main fruit axis, seeds/capsule, 1 000 seed weight and yield/plant suggested the predominance of non-additive gene action in these characters.

Key words: Sesame, Heterosis, Combining ability, Reciprocal effect