摘要： 提高苹果组培芽露地嫁接成活率的关键技术措施,主要有三个方面:培育壮芽,嫁接前对组培芽进行3至5天通风锻炼,增强其对外部环境条件的适应性;正确选择砧木及嫁接部位和方法,尽可能缩小砧穗间形态结构及木质化程度的差异,人为创造适宜的环境条件,搭棚遮荫避免阳光直射,适时灌水增加土壤及空气湿度,滴注激素促进接口愈合.本试验组培芽露地嫁接成活率达到93.3%,枝条最大月生长量为38厘米.

关键词: 苹果, 组培芽, 实生砧, 露地嫁接

Abstract: The key techniques for increasing the openground grafting survival rate of the tissue cultured apple buds included three principal aspects. The strong buds are cultured and before grafting they are tempered by ventilating 3 to 5 days to enhance their adaptability to the external environment. The stock and the position and method for grafting are correctly selected to reduce the difference in morphological charactor and woody degree between the stock and the scion. The proper environmental conditions are provided by putting up a shed to keep from direct solar radiation, irrigating timely to increase the moisture of both soil and air, and injecting hormone droplets to promote the graft union healing. The grafting survival rate in this experiment is at 93.3% and the shoot growing amount monthly is at a maximum of 38 cm.

Key words: Apple, Tissue cultured buds, Seedling stock, Open-ground grafting