早熟苹果果实软化过程中乙烯、相关酶及其基因表达变化

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751544

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 苹果早熟品种果实易软化是影响其在生产中推广的重要原因，阐明其果实软化机理对于延长果实贮藏期，保持其品质具有重要意义。以藤木1号、XU2-5为试材，分析了果实软化过程中果实硬度、乙烯释放速率、相关酶活性及相关基因表达的变化，结果表明，随着果实成熟，果实硬度下降，乙烯释放速率升高，藤木1号的乙烯释放速率显著高于XU2-5；两品种（系）的MdACS6基因相对表达量变化基本一致，前期基因相对表达量较低，之后相对表达量逐渐升高。随着果实成熟藤木1号果实的MdPG1基因相对表达量和酶活性变化趋势一致，均在盛花后100 d达最高，而XU2-5则表现为盛花后80~90 d基因相对表达量和酶活性变化趋势一致，在盛花后90 d基因相对表达量最高，酶活性则在盛花后100 d达最高。盛花后80~85 d两品种（系）的PE活性与MdPE基因相对表达量均呈升高趋势，此时酶活性达一高峰，盛花后90~100 d，两品种（系）的MdPE基因相对表达量下降，而PE活性逐渐升高；两品种（系）的LOX活性均呈现先降低后升高的趋势，最低点出现在盛花后85 d，XU2-5的MdLOX基因相对表达量变化则呈现先升高后降低的趋势，高峰出现在花后85 d，而藤木1号的MdLOX基因相对表达量呈逐渐升高趋势，最高值出现在花后100 d。综上所述，采取措施调控基因的表达可能可以有效调控果实软化。

关键词: 苹果, 早熟品种, 果实软化, 乙烯, 基因表达, 酶

Abstract: The fruit softening of precocious apple cultivar is an important factor for promotion of apple production. It is important to elucidate the mechanism of fruit softening to prolong the fruit storage period and maintain the fruit quality. In this experiment, Mato 1 and XU2-5 were used as the materials to analyze the changes of fruit hardness, ethylene release rate, related enzyme activity and related gene expression during fruit softening. The main results showed that, along with the ripening of fruits, the fruit hardness decreased and the ethylene release rate increased. The ethylene release rate of Mato 1 was significantly higher than that of XU2-5. The relative expression pattern of MdACS6 gene was basically the same in the two varieties, of which the relative expression level was low in early time, and gradually increased after that. With the ripening of fruits, the relative expression amount of MdPG1 gene and the change of enzyme activity in Mato 1 were consistent, which reached the highest at 100 d after flowering, while XU2-5 showed the consistency between relative expression level of MdPG1 gene and the change of enzyme activity in 80-90 d after flowering, of which the relative expression of MdPG1 was the highest at 90 d after flowering, and the enzyme activity was the highest at 100 d after flowering. In 80-85 d after flowering, the relative expression of MdPE gene and PE enzyme activity in the two varieties (lines) presented an increasing trend, and the enzyme activity reached to a peak value. In 90-100 d after flowering, the relative expression of MdPE gene decreased in the two varieties (lines), while the PE enzyme activity increased gradually. The LOX enzyme activity in the two varieties (lines) decreased first and then increased, and the lowest point appeared at 85 d after flowering. The relative expression of MdLOX gene in XU2-5 increased first and then decreased, and the peak appeared at 85 d after flowering, while the relative expression of MdLOX gene in Mato 1 increased gradually, and the highest value appeared at 100 d after flowering.In summary,taking measures to regulate gene expression may be effective in regulating fruit softening.

Key words: Apple, Precocious cultivar, Fruit softening, Ethylene, Gene expression, Enzymes

中图分类号:

S661.01

李世军, 尹宝颖, 李佳, 李中勇, 张学英, 徐继忠. 早熟苹果果实软化过程中乙烯、相关酶及其基因表达变化[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(6): 104-109. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751544.

LI Shijun, YIN Baoying, LI Jia, LI Zhongyong, ZHANG Xueying, XU Jizhong. Changes of Ethylene, Related Enzymes and Their Genes Expression During Softening of Premature Apple Fruits[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(6): 104-109. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751544.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I6/104

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