Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Annual Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat-Maize Rotation in the Piedmont Plain of Hebei Province

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196975

Abstract

Abstract:

To clarify the appropriate nitrogen application rate for the wheat-maize rotation system in the Taihang Mountain piedmont plain,this study conducted a 22-year field experiment with four treatments:no nitrogen application(N0),150 kg/ha for wheat and 75 kg/ha for maize(N1),250 kg/ha for wheat and 150 kg/ha for maize(N2),and 350 kg/ha for wheat and 225 kg/ha for maize(N3).The effects of nitrogen application rates on crop yields,annual energy yield,nitrogen accumulation,and nitrogen recovery efficiency were analyzed.The results showed that nitrogen application significantly increased the yields of wheat and maize and the annual energy yield in the wheat-maize rotation system.Compared with the N0 treatment,nitrogen applied treatments increased the annual wheat yield by 2 857.81 to 3 226.11 kg/ha;the average annual maize yield increased by 2 302.37 to 2 611.64 kg/ha.Compared with the N0 treatment,the annual energy yield of the nitrogen application treatments increased by 74.59 to 84.30 GJ/ha on average,with an increase of 56.54% to 64.15%.The annual sustainability index was highest under N2 treatment,increasing by 2.56% and 0.21% compared to N1 and N3 treatments,respectively.However,the yield stability index decreased by 0.14 and 1.77 percentage points,respectively,indicating that the N3 treatment significantly reduced yield stability in the wheat-maize rotation system.Nitrogen application significantly increased the annual average nitrogen accumulation by 128.14% to 165.83% in single-season wheat, by 32.66% to 54.19% in single-season maize, and by 68.10% to 95.78% in the annual rotation.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the nitrogen recovery efficiency decreased significantly.In the wheat season,the N1,N2,and N3 treatments were 64.65%,49.96%,and 32.66%,respectively;in the maize season,they were 73.45%,59.00%,and 36.34%,respectively.Considering the yield,nitrogen use efficiency,and sustainability,it is proposed that the appropriate nitrogen application rates for wheat and maize in the wheat-maize rotation system in the Taihang Mountain piedmont plain are 233.49 to 247.42 kg/ha and 145.35 to 150.89 kg/ha,respectively,with a total annual nitrogen application rate of 378.84 to 398.31 kg/ha.This can achieve a double win of crop yield and economic benefits,and maintain stable annual production capacity.

Key words: Wheat-maize rotation, Nitrogen application rate, Yield, Annual energy yield, Nitrogen accumulation, Nitrogen recovery efficiency

CLC Number:

GAO Jing, XU Wanqiang, ZHANG Jiayu, WANG Xueqing, XIAO Guangmin, ZHAO Ouya, LIU Lei, WANG Ce, WANG Ling, SUN Shiyou, HOU Shenglin, RU Shuhua. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Annual Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Wheat-Maize Rotation in the Piedmont Plain of Hebei Province[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(5): 119-128. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196975.

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Figures/Tables 8

Fig.1 Wheat and maize yields under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments,and annual energy yield of the wheat-maize rotation system N.Nitrogen fertilizer effect;Y.Year effect;N×Y.Interaction effect of nitrogen fertilizer treatment and year.^***.P<0.001,^**.P<0.01,^*.P<0.05,ns.No significant difference.The same as Fig.5—6.

Fig.2 Stability index and sustainability index of crop yield under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments Values with statistical differences(P<0.05)among different treatments are marked with different lowercase letters.The same as Fig.4.

Fig.3 Accumulated nitrogen uptake in aboveground parts of wheat,maize and the annual rotation system under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments Different uppercase letters denote significant differences in total above-ground nitrogen accumulation across various nitrogen application treatments;different lowercase letters represent significant differences in nitrogen accumulation of grain and straw among treatments,respectively,P<0.05.

Fig.4 Nitrogen distribution in aboveground parts of wheat and maize under different nitrogen fertilizer treatments

Tab.1 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on fertilizer recovery efficiency in wheat-maize rotation system%

处理 Treatment	小麦季 Wheat season	玉米季 Maize season	轮作周年 Crop rotation year
N1	64.65±8.68a	73.45±12.05a	68.82±10.83a
N2	49.96±9.29b	59.00±5.13b	54.05±8.33b
N3	32.66±9.45c	36.34±2.82c	34.12±6.25c

Fig.5 Effects of nitrogen fertilizer application rate on nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency in the wheat-maize rotation system

Fig.6 Correlation analysis of nitrogen fertilizer application rate with grain yield,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen fertilizer recovery efficiency in wheat-maize rotation system NAR.Nitrogen application rate;Y.Grain yield;NA.Nitrogen accumulation;NRE.Nitrogen recovery efficiency.

Fig.7 Optimal nitrogen application rate in wheat-maize rotation system

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