Metabolomics-based Investigation of the Effect of Dietary Grape Pomace Addition on Antioxidant Function in Simmental

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196316

Abstract

Abstract:

It aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of grape pomace in feed on serum antioxidant indicators,blood metabolites,and metabolic pathways in beef cattle,with the goal of providing theoretical support for enhancing antioxidant function and production performance through dietary intervention.Twenty healthy 12-month-old Simmental beef cattle were randomly divided into four groups,each with five replicates.The control group received a basal diet,while experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 10%(Group A),20%(Group B),and 30%(Group C)grape pomace for 40 days.At the end of the trial,serum antioxidant parameters were measured for each animal,and metabolomic analysis was conducted.Adding 20% grape pomace(Group B)significantly increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity while markedly decreasing catalase(CAT)activity.Adding 30% grape pomace(Group C)extremely significantly increased SOD levels and significantly elevated total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)levels.Compared to the control group,metabolomic analysis of Group C(30%)revealed 16 differentially upregulated metabolites.Among these,five metabolites-fumaric acid,phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, 4-chlorothiourea acid, and compounds containing unsaturated double bonds.Among the 14 downregulated differential metabolites,those involved in antioxidant functions included methyl gallate,L-phenylalanine betaine,and N,N-diethyl-4-hydroxybenzamide.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified six pathways associated with antioxidant responses:amino acid metabolism,oxidative phosphorylation,lipid metabolism,ABC transporter pathways,cofactors and vitamins,and energy metabolism.The results indicate that supplementing the diet with 30% grape pomace significantly enhances the oxidative-antioxidant indicators SOD and T-AOC in Simmental beef cattle.This effect is achieved by regulating metabolites such as fumaric acid and methyl gallate,thereby influencing metabolic pathways including amino acid metabolism and ultimately boosting the cattle's antioxidant capacity.

Key words: Simmental, Grape pomace, Antioxidant, Metabolomics

CLC Number:

S853

XI Qingzhen, YU Youli, WANG Pan, JIANG Wu, GUO Yansheng, WANG Jiandong. Metabolomics-based Investigation of the Effect of Dietary Grape Pomace Addition on Antioxidant Function in Simmental[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(3): 208-216. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196316.

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http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/Y2026/V41/I3/208

Figures/Tables 5

Tab.1 Experimental feeding formulationskg

项目 Items	组别 Groups
项目 Items	A	B	C	Cont
原料 Ingredients
精料 Concentrates	22.5	22.5	22.5	22.5
稻草 Straw	4.25	4.25	4.25	4.25
葡萄渣 Grape pomace	6.5	13.0	19.5	-
青贮 Silage	26.0	19.5	13.0	32.5
合计 Total	59.25	59.25	59.25	59.25

Tab.2 Effect of different grape pomace contents on antioxidant indexes

项目 Items	葡萄渣含量 Grape pomace content				P值 P-value
项目 Items	Cont(0)	A(10%)	B(20%)	C(30%)	P值 P-value
SOD/(U/mL)	27.77±1.82b	38.67±5.77b	44.79±3.51a	45.38±1.81a	0.011
T-AOC/(μmol/mL)	0.40±0.004b	0.41±0.003b	0.42±0.02b	0.44±0.01a	0.031
MDA/(nmol/mL)	0.34±0.005a	0.34±0.013a	0.33±0.008a	0.33±0.006a	0.387
GSH-Px/(nmol/(min·mL))	21.49±1.34a	31.75±3.71a	27.79±4.16a	29.58±3.35a	0.241
CAT/(μmol/(min·mL))	3.18±0.77a	2.77±0.81a	0.57±0.13b	1.74±0.56a	0.045

Fig.1 Total sample and C vs.Cont PCA score plots(A,B)and OPLS-DA diagram(C)

Fig.2 C vs.Cont volcano plot(A)and VIP top 30 differential metabolites(B) A.Metabolites identified as differentially expressed via P-value+VIP screening:Red.Upregulation,Blue.Downregulation.B.Dot size corresponds to the VIP value from OPLS-DA analysis,larger dots indicate higher VIP values,red dots represent upregulation,blue dots represent downregulation.The metabolites are as follows:1.3-Hydroxy-2-quinoxalinecarboxylic acid,2.Glycerate,3.Tetrahydropyridine,4.3-Hexenedioic acid,5.PC(18∶1/18∶2),6.N-(3-ethyl-4-oxo(3-hydroquinazolin-7-yl))(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)carboxamide,7.3,8-di((E)-but-2-en-1-yl)-1-methyl-7,8-dihydro-1H-imidazo[2,1-f]purine-2,4(3H,6H)-dione,8.Gallic acid methyl ester,9.6-amino-4-(7-methoxy(2H-benzo[d]1,3-dioxolan-5-yl))-3-propyl-4H-pyrano[2,3-c]p yrazole-5-carbonitrile,10.Intermedine N-oxide,11.N-ethyl-2-(6-oxo-9-phenylhydropurin-8-ylthio)-N-phenylacetamide,12.L-Phenylalanine betaine,13.3-hydroxy-2-[2-(2-methylindol-3-yl)ethyl]-3-phenylisoindolin-1-one,14.PC(O-18∶1/18∶0),15.N-(N-(3-carboxyoxirane-2-carbonyl)leucyl)isoamylamine,16.4-Chlorohippuric acid,17.Fumaric acid,18.PC(18∶0/18∶2),19.Isopentenyl pyrophosphate,20.PE(19∶0/22∶6),21.PE(17∶0/22∶6),22.PC(O-16∶0/18∶1),23.3-methyl-5-(phenylmethoxy)indol-2-yl morpholin-4-yl ketone,24.1,3,5-Hexatriene,25.Clorophene,26.8-(2,3-Dihydroxy-3-methylbutyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydrochromen-4-one,27.Methenamine,28.N,N-Diethyl-4-Hydroxybenzamide,29.12-Hydroxy-13-(hydroxymethyl)-3,5,7-trimethyl-2,4-tetradecadienedioic acid,30.Acetoacetic acid.

Fig.3 C vs.Cont KEGG pathway diagram

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