Effect of Exogenous Iron Ion on the Biological Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194321

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effect of iron ions on the biological characteristics and pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae in sunflower,the growth rate,conidial production,number of microsclerotia,crude toxin secretion,cell wall degrading enzymes activity and pathogenicity of V.dahliae were measured after the exogenous addition of iron ions to the culture medium.The results showed that the growth rate and conidial production of mycelium showed an increasing trend after adding different concentrations of iron ions in an exogenous,compared with the control,the growth rate of V.dahliae was the fastest after adding 80 μmol/L of iron ions,and the colony diameter was 68.81 mm with a growth rate of 21.40%;the conidial production was 2.58×10⁷ conidia /mL with a growth rate of 21.13%;the number of microsclerotia also increased with the increase of exogenously added iron ion concentration,and after 5 days of culture,its increase was 51.53% compared with the control.The crude toxin secretion was increased after adding 80 μmol/L of iron ions,and the increase rate was nearly doubled.The activity of cell wall lyase increased with increasing concentration of exogenous iron ions and increased at 80 μmol/L reached the strongest.In addition,the pathogenicity of V.dahliae increased accordingly with the increase in the concentration of iron ions in the medium,as shown by the increase in the disease index from 35.00 to 62.20 when the concentration of iron ions added exogenously from 0 to 80 μmol/L,with a growth rate of 77.71%.In conclusion,the exogenous addition of iron ions not only accelerates the growth of V.dahliae,and promotes conidial production and microsclerotia formation,but also enhances the pathogenicity of V.dahliae.

Key words: Sunflower, Verticillium dahliae, Pathogenicity, Microsclerotia, Iron ions

FENG Yitong, JIA Shuo, LIU Lin, YANG Jianfeng, DU Lei, ZHANG Wenbing, SHI Shenghua, WU Zhanmin, ZHANG Jian, ZHAO Jun. Effect of Exogenous Iron Ion on the Biological Characteristics and Pathogenicity of Verticillium dahliae[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(2): 161-167. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194321.

/ / Recommend / Download Citations

URL: http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/10.7668/hbnxb.20194321

http://www.hbnxb.net/EN/Y2024/V39/I2/161

Figures/Tables 5

Fig.1 Effect of exogenous iron ions on the colony diameter of Verticillium dahliae

Tab.1 Effect of exogenous iron ions on the colony diameter,conidial production and crude toxin secretion of Verticillium dahlia

铁离子浓度/ (μmol/L) Iron ion concentration	菌落直径/mm Colony diameter			产孢量/ (×10⁷个/mL) Conidial production	粗毒素分泌量/(mg/mL) Crude toxin secretion
铁离子浓度/ (μmol/L) Iron ion concentration	5 d	10 d	15 d	产孢量/ (×10⁷个/mL) Conidial production	粗毒素分泌量/(mg/mL) Crude toxin secretion
0	19.92±0.98e	42.11±0.61c	56.69±1.36f	2.13±0.15c	0.21±0.02g
10	22.82±1.98de	43.22±0.83ce	58.86±0.94ef	2.17±0.02c	0.23±0.01fg
20	24.19±3.60d	43.55±0.89c	60.69±0.72de	2.14±0.11bc	0.24±0.05f
30	24.87±0.96cd	45.96±1.60b	62.88±2.68cd	2.20±0.15bc	0.27±0.02e
40	25.12±3.05cd	46.02±1.38b	64.80±1.45bc	2.23±0.25bc	0.32±0.03d
50	28.24±1.58bc	48.00±0.77b	65.76±1.11b	2.45±0.25abc	0.35±0.01c
60	31.03±1.91ab	50.05±2.20a	67.12±0.14ab	2.57±0.23ab	0.37±0.03bc
70	31.55±0.98ab	51.00±0.55a	68.53±0.67a	2.48±0.07a	0.38±0.02b
80	33.02±0.48a	51.57±0.21a	68.81±0.33a	2.58±0.14a	0.41±0.02a

Fig.2 The effect of exogenous iron ions on the number of microsclerotia of Verticillium dahlia A.The growth of V.dahliae microsclerotia on glass paper;B.Statistics of the relative area of glass paper occupied by the microsclerotia of V.dahliae.Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences(P<0.05).The same as Fig.3—4.

Fig.3 Cell wall degrading enzymes activity of V.dahliae under different iron ion concentrations

Fig.4 Pathogenicity of V.dahliae underdifferent iron ion concentrations A.Symptoms of sunflower inoculated with V.dahliae for 30 d; B.The disease index of sunflower inoculated with V.dahliae.

References 28

[1]	曹雄, 孟庆林, 刘继霞, 李小娟, 卜浩宇, 任杰, 张贵, 马立功, 赵君. 不同向日葵品种资源对黄萎病抗性的田间鉴定[J]. 作物杂志, 2014(1):67-72.doi:10.16035/j.issn.1001-7283.2014.01.016.
	Cao X, Meng Q L, Liu J X, Li X J, Bu H Y, Ren J, Zhang G, Ma L G, Zhao J. The identification of resistance of different sunflower varieties to sunflower Verticilium wilt in fields[J]. Crops, 2014(1):67-72.
[2]	尹红旗, 魏奔, 方晟昀, 柳延涛. 新疆向日葵黄萎病发生规律及防治[J]. 新疆农垦科技, 2015, 38(3):38-39.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-361X.2015.03.018.
	Yin H Q, Wei B, Fang S Y, Liu Y T. Occurrence regularity and control of sunflower Verticillium wilt in Xinjiang[J]. Xinjiang Farm Research of Science and Technology, 2015, 38(3):38-39.
[3]	刘继霞, 山军建, 曾宝安, 马员春. 宁夏向日葵黄萎病发生及防治[J]. 种子科技, 2016, 34(10):94-95.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-2690.2016.10.060.
	Liu J X, Shan J J, Zeng B A, Ma Y C. Occurrence and control of sunflower Verticillium wilt in Ningxia[J]. Seed Science & Technology, 2016, 34(10):94-95.
[4]	曹丽霞, 徐利敏, 云晓鹏, 白全江. 内蒙古地区向日葵主要病虫害发生现状及研究建议[J]. 内蒙古农业科技, 2009, 37(6):83-85.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-0907.2009.06.044.
	Cao L X, Xu L M, Yun X P, Bai Q J. Occurrence of main diseases and pests on sunflower in inner Mongolia and some suggestion for future research[J]. Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology, 2009, 37(6):83-85.
[5]	Huisman O C. Interrelations of root growth dynamics to epidemiology of root-invading fungi[J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 1982, 20:303-327.doi:10.1146/annurev.py.20.090182.001511. URL
[6]	刘海洋, 姚举, 张仁福, 王伟, 余璇, 王琦. 黄萎病不同发生程度棉田中土壤微生物多样性[J]. 生态学报, 2018, 38(5):1619-1629.doi:10.5846/stxb201702060218.
	Liu H Y, Yao J, Zhang R F, Wang W, Yu X, Wang Q. Analysis of soil microbial diversity in cotton fields differing in occurrence of cotton Verticillium wilt in Xinjiang[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(5):1619-1629.
[7]	贾硕. 向日葵品种田间抗性评价以及轮作对向日葵黄萎病发生程度的影响[D]. 呼和浩特: 内蒙古农业大学, 2021.doi:10.27229/d.cnki.gnmnu.2021.001226.
	Jia S. Resistance identification of sunflower varieties under field condition and rotation with Gramineae to reduce the occurrence of sunflower Verticillium wilt[D]. Hohhot: Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,2021.
[8]	张艳杰, 孙为民, 孙涛, 王晶. 向日葵黄萎病防治技术[J]. 乡村科技, 2018(7):99-100.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7909.2018.07.064.
	Zhang Y J, Sun W M, Sun T, Wang J. Control techniques of sunflower Verticillium wilt[J]. Rural Science and Technology, 2018(7):99-100.
[9]	Bagg A, Neilands J B. Ferric uptake regulation protein acts as a repressor,employing iron(Ⅱ)as a cofactor to bind the operator of an iron transport operon in Escherichia coli[J]. Biochemistry, 1987, 26(17):5471-5477.doi:10.1021/bi00391a039. pmid: 2823881
[10]	Ogawa T, Bao D H, Katoh H, Shibata M, Pakrasi H B, Bhattacharyya-Pakrasi M. A two-component signal transduction pathway regulates manganese homeostasis in Synechocystis 6803,a photosynthetic organism[J]. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 2002, 277(32):28981-28986.doi:10.1074/jbc.M204175200. URL
[11]	Askwith C C, de Silva D, Kaplan J. Molecular biology of iron acquisition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae[J]. Molecular Microbiology, 1996, 20(1):27-34.doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02485.x.
[12]	Mei B, Budde A D, Leong S A. sid1,a gene initiating siderophore biosynthesis in Ustilago maydis:molecular characterization,regulation by iron,and role in phytopathogenicity[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1993, 90(3):903-907.doi:10.1073/pnas.90.3.903. pmid: 8430103
[13]	Oide S, Moeder W, Krasnoff S, Gibson D, Haas H, Yoshioka K, Turgeon B G. NPS6,encoding a nonribosomal peptide synthetase involved in siderophore-mediated iron metabolism,is a conserved virulence determinant of plant pathogenic ascomycetes[J]. The Plant Cell, 2006, 18(10):2836-2853.doi:10.1105/tpc.106.045633. URL
[14]	Eichhorn H, Lessing F, Winterberg B, Schirawski J, Kämper J, Müller P, Kahmann R. A ferroxidation/permeation iron uptake system is required for virulence in Ustilago maydis[J]. The Plant Cell, 2006, 18(11):3332-3345.doi:10.1105/tpc.106.043588. URL
[15]	Rehman L, Su X F, Li X K, Qi X L, Guo H M, Cheng H M. FreB is involved in the ferric metabolism and multiple pathogenicity-related traits of Verticillium dahliae[J]. Current Genetics, 2018, 64(3):645-659.doi:10.1007/s00294-017-0780-x. URL
[16]	Kubicek C P, Starr T L, Glass N L. Plant cell wall-degrading enzymes and their secretion in plant-pathogenic fungi[J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 2014,52:427-451.doi:10.1146/annurev-phyto-102313-045831.
[17]	Mathioni S M, Bel A, Rizzo C J, Dean R A, Donofrio N M. Transcriptome profiling of the rice blast fungus during invasive plant infection and in vitro stresses[J]. BMC Genomics, 2011,12:49.doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-49.
[18]	Wegner A, Casanova F, Loehrer M, Jordine A, Bohnert S, Liu X Y, Zhang Z G, Schaffrath U. Gene deletion and constitutive expression of the pectate lyase gene 1(MoPL1)lead to diminished virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae[J]. Journal of Microbiology, 2022, 60(1):79-88.doi:10.1007/s12275-022-1074-7. pmid: 34964944
[19]	Valette-Collet O, Cimerman A, Reignault P, Levis C, Boccara M. Disruption of Botrytis cinerea pectin methylesterase gene Bcpme1 reduces virulence on several host plants[J]. Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions, 2003, 16(4):360-367.doi:10.1094/MPMI.2003.16.4.360.
[20]	崔佳, 赵丰舟, 刘震, 曲建楠, 刘铜, 左豫虎. 玉米弯孢叶斑病菌多聚半乳糖醛酸酶Clpg1基因功能验证[J]. 植物保护, 2019, 45(6):163-169,184.doi:10.16688/j.zwbh.2018485.
	Cui J, Zhao F Z, Liu Z, Qu J N, Liu T, Zuo Y H. Functional verification of polygalacturonase Clpg1 gene in Curvularia lunata causing maize Curvalaria leaf spot[J]. Plant Protection, 2019, 45(6):163-169,184.
[21]	路媛媛. 铁离子通道关键酶基因ClNPS6和ClFtr1调控玉米弯孢叶斑病菌致病力的分子机制[D]. 沈阳: 沈阳农业大学, 2018.
	Lu Y Y. Molecular mechanism of CLNPS6 and ClFtr1 regulating pathogenicity in Curvularia lunata[D]. Shenyang: Shenyang Agricultural University, 2018.
[22]	Flood J, Isaac I, Milton J M. Reactions of some cultivars of Lucerne to various isolates of Verticillium albo-atrum[J]. Plant Pathology, 1978, 27(4):166-169.doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.1978.tb01109.x.
[23]	Mor H, Kashman Y, Winkelmann G, Barash I. Characterization of siderophores produced by different species of the dermatophytic fungi Microsporum and Trichophyton[J]. Biometals, 1992, 5(4):213-216.doi:10.1007/BF01061220. URL
[24]	Riccombeni A, Butler G. Role of genomics and RNA-seq in studies of fungal virulence[J]. Current Fungal Infection Reports, 2012, 6(4):267-274.doi:10.1007/s12281-012-0104-z. URL
[25]	Liu T, Liu L X, Jiang X, Hou J M, Fu K H, Zhou F H, Chen J. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation as a useful tool for the molecular genetic study of the phytopathogen Curvularia lunata[J]. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 2010, 126(3):363-371.doi:10.1007/s10658-009-9541-0. URL
[26]	Park Y S, Kim J H, Cho J H, Chang H I, Kim S W, Paik H D, Kang C W, Kim T H, Sung H C, Yun C W. Physical and functional interaction of FgFtr1-FgFet1 and FgFtr2-FgFet2 is required for iron uptake in Fusarium graminearum[J]. The Biochemical Journal, 2007, 408(1):97-104.doi:10.1042/BJ20070450. URL
[27]	Egan M J, Wang Z Y, Jones M A, Smirnoff N, Talbot N J. Generation of reactive oxygen species by fungal NADPH oxidases is required for rice blast disease[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007, 104(28):11772-11777.doi:10.1073/pnas.0700574104. pmid: 17600089
[28]	Liu M F, Lin L, Gebremariam T, Luo G, Skory C D, French S W, Chou T F, Edwards J E, Ibrahim A S. Fob1 and Fob2 proteins are virulence determinants of Rhizopus oryzae via facilitating iron uptake from ferrioxamine[J]. PLoS Pathogens, 2015, 11(5):e1004842.doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1004842. URL

Please choose a citation manager

Content to export