薄皮甜瓜KASP标记开发及指纹图谱的构建

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196953

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为促进薄皮甜瓜种质资源鉴定与分子育种应用,基于27份薄皮甜瓜和5份厚皮甜瓜核心育种材料的重测序数据,筛选高多态性 SNP位点,开发并验证了一套高质量 KASP分子标记。针对1 195个候选SNPs,在甜瓜的12条染色体上均匀设计60个KASP标记,经32份甜瓜材料验证,其中42个标记分型成功,成功率为70.0%。进一步筛选出28个分型清晰、稳定性高的最优标记,用于从分子水平分析甜瓜育种材料的群体遗传结构,聚类分析结果与传统形态学分类高度吻合。利用最优标记构建27份薄皮甜瓜以及5份厚皮甜瓜育种材料的数字指纹图谱,并将各材料的指纹信息编码为二维码,便于快速鉴定与管理。综上,所开发的KASP标记能够对27份薄皮甜瓜核心育种材料进行高效区分,具有较高的特异性和实用性,为薄皮甜瓜种质资源评价、品种鉴别以及分子标记辅助育种提供可靠技术支撑。

关键词: 薄皮甜瓜, KASP 标记, 指纹图谱, SNP, 分子育种, 聚类分析

Abstract:

To facilitate germplasm identification and molecular breeding applications in Oriental melon(Cucumis melo ssp.agrestis),this study screened highly polymorphic SNP(single nucleotide polymorphism)loci based on resequencing data from 27 C.melo ssp.agrestis and 5 C.melo ssp.melo core breeding accessions,and developed a set of high-quality KASP(Kompetitive Allele-Specific PCR)markers.A total of 60 KASP markers were uniformly designed across 12 chromosomes from 1 195 candidate SNPs.Validation using 32 breeding accessions revealed that 42 markers(70.0%)successfully generated clear and reliable genotyping clusters.Furthermore,28 optimal markers with distinct clustering and high stability were selected.Cluster analysis was highly consistent with traditional morphological classification,validating the population genetic structure of melon breeding materials at the molecular level.Using the optimal marker set,a digital fingerprint database was constructed for the 27 C.melo ssp.agrestis and 5 C.melo ssp.melo breeding accessions,and the fingerprint information of each accession was encoded into a QR code to facilitate rapid identification and management.In conclusion,the developed KASP marker system can efficiently distinguish the 27 C.melo ssp.agrestis core breeding accessions with high specificity and practicality,providing reliable technical support for future germplasm evaluation,variety identification,and marker-assisted breeding in C.melo ssp.agrestis.

Key words: Thin-skinned melon, KASP marker, Fingerprint, SNP, Molecular breeding, Cluster analysis

中图分类号:

李可心, 刘浚嵩, 赵伟, 刘莉, 罗聚悦, 张腾, 华德平. 薄皮甜瓜KASP标记开发及指纹图谱的构建[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(5): 51-62. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196953.

LI Kexin, LIU Junsong, ZHAO Wei, LIU Li, LUO Juyue, ZHANG Teng, HUA Deping. Development of KASP Markers and Construction of Fingerprint Database in Oriental Melon[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(5): 51-62. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196953.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I5/51

图/表 9

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序号 No.	甜瓜材料 Accession	Pitrat 分类 Pitrat classification	类型 Type	特点 Characteristic
2-1	Wa1K	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	白皮橘肉类	白皮橘肉
2-16	Pa553	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	黄皮圆果类	黄皮白肉
2-17	Wb053	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	黄皮绿肉
2-31	Wb133	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	花雷类	黄皮绿斑条白肉
2-37	Tb230	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	花雷类	黄皮绿斑条白肉
2-38	Ua1084	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	花雷类	黄皮绿斑条绿肉
2-39	Ua1089	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	花雷类	黄皮绿斑点绿肉
2-42	Ub248	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-43	Ua1094	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-44	Na447	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-45	Ua279	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-49	Wa76	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-50	Nb354	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	面瓜类	绿皮绿肉
2-51	Pa559	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	绿皮绿肉
2-52	Sa452	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	羊角脆类	绿皮白肉
2-53	Ua278	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-85	Nb356	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	花雷类	黄皮绿斑条
2-93	Sa247	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	绿皮绿斑条绿肉
2-94	Qa368	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	羊角脆类	绿皮绿斑条橘肉
2-95	Ua1127	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	羊角脆类	绿皮绿斑条橘肉
2-101	Sb636	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	羊角脆类	绿皮绿斑条绿肉
2-102	Pa561	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	白皮白肉
2-103	Pa554	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	绿皮白肉
2-104	Pa562	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	绿皮绿肉
2-105	Pa563	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	绿皮绿肉
2-106	Ub747	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	蛇甜瓜类	绿皮绿肉
2-107	Nb353	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	马泡瓜	马泡瓜
2-108	Ua1027	厚皮亚种C.melo ssp.melo	瑞红类	黄皮白肉
2-138	Sa851	厚皮亚种C.melo ssp.melo	玉菇类	白皮绿肉
2-145	Qa842	厚皮亚种C.melo ssp.melo	网纹类	绿皮橘肉
2-161	Tb937	厚皮亚种C.melo ssp.melo	哈密瓜类	黄皮(细网)橘肉
2-162	Sa893	厚皮亚种C.melo ssp.melo	哈密瓜类	黄绿皮(细网)绿斑点橘肉

序号 No.	甜瓜材料 Accession	Pitrat 分类 Pitrat classification	类型 Type	特点 Characteristic
2-1	Wa1K	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	白皮橘肉类	白皮橘肉
2-16	Pa553	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	黄皮圆果类	黄皮白肉
2-17	Wb053	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	黄皮绿肉
2-31	Wb133	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	花雷类	黄皮绿斑条白肉
2-37	Tb230	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	花雷类	黄皮绿斑条白肉
2-38	Ua1084	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	花雷类	黄皮绿斑条绿肉
2-39	Ua1089	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	花雷类	黄皮绿斑点绿肉
2-42	Ub248	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-43	Ua1094	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-44	Na447	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-45	Ua279	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-49	Wa76	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-50	Nb354	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	面瓜类	绿皮绿肉
2-51	Pa559	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	绿皮绿肉
2-52	Sa452	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	羊角脆类	绿皮白肉
2-53	Ua278	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	绿宝类	绿皮绿肉
2-85	Nb356	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	花雷类	黄皮绿斑条
2-93	Sa247	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	绿皮绿斑条绿肉
2-94	Qa368	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	羊角脆类	绿皮绿斑条橘肉
2-95	Ua1127	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	羊角脆类	绿皮绿斑条橘肉
2-101	Sb636	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	羊角脆类	绿皮绿斑条绿肉
2-102	Pa561	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	白皮白肉
2-103	Pa554	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	绿皮白肉
2-104	Pa562	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	绿皮绿肉
2-105	Pa563	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	菜瓜类	绿皮绿肉
2-106	Ub747	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	蛇甜瓜类	绿皮绿肉
2-107	Nb353	薄皮亚种C.melo ssp.agrestis	马泡瓜	马泡瓜
2-108	Ua1027	厚皮亚种C.melo ssp.melo	瑞红类	黄皮白肉
2-138	Sa851	厚皮亚种C.melo ssp.melo	玉菇类	白皮绿肉
2-145	Qa842	厚皮亚种C.melo ssp.melo	网纹类	绿皮橘肉
2-161	Tb937	厚皮亚种C.melo ssp.melo	哈密瓜类	黄皮(细网)橘肉
2-162	Sa893	厚皮亚种C.melo ssp.melo	哈密瓜类	黄绿皮(细网)绿斑点橘肉

染色体号 Chromosome number	设计引物数量 Number of designed primer	筛选出引物数量 Number of screened primer	筛选成功率/% Screening success rate
1	5	3	60.0
2	5	3	60.0
3	5	3	60.0
4	5	5	100.0
5	5	3	60.0
6	5	4	80.0
7	5	4	80.0
8	5	2	40.0
9	5	3	60.0
10	5	3	60.0
11	5	4	80.0
12	5	5	100.0
合计或平均	60	42	70.0
Total or mean

染色体号 Chromosome number	设计引物数量 Number of designed primer	筛选出引物数量 Number of screened primer	筛选成功率/% Screening success rate
1	5	3	60.0
2	5	3	60.0
3	5	3	60.0
4	5	5	100.0
5	5	3	60.0
6	5	4	80.0
7	5	4	80.0
8	5	2	40.0
9	5	3	60.0
10	5	3	60.0
11	5	4	80.0
12	5	5	100.0
合计或平均	60	42	70.0
Total or mean

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