高温胁迫下不同耐热型西瓜幼苗的代谢组学及碳氮代谢的作用机制

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20196899

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为解析西瓜幼苗高温响应的代谢调控机制,以热敏型D27和耐热型K53西瓜为试材,采用代谢组学结合碳氮代谢生理指标测定方法,探究不同耐热性西瓜材料对高温胁迫的应答差异。结果表明,高温胁迫下2个材料共有7个差异代谢物,不同耐热型材料间差异代谢物达26个;丙氨酸、天冬氨酸和谷氨酸代谢通路显著激活,L-天冬氨酸、L-谷氨酸含量显著上调。碳代谢方面,耐热型K53可溶性糖、蔗糖、果糖和淀粉含量均显著升高,热敏型D27淀粉含量下降;氮代谢方面,高温抑制硝酸还原酶活性,热敏型D27氨态氮大量积累,耐热型K53通过维持较高谷氨酸合成酶(GOGAT)活性降低氨态氮积累,其GS/GOGAT循环稳定性更强。综上,该研究揭示了氨基酸代谢、碳氮差异调控是西瓜耐热的关键代谢途径,GS/GOGAT循环稳定性是重要耐热机制,为西瓜耐热品种选育及生产效能提升提供理论支撑。

关键词: 西瓜, 高温胁迫, 代谢组学, 碳氮代谢

Abstract:

To elucidate the metabolic regulatory mechanisms underlying the heat stress response in watermelon seedlings, this study utilized the heat-sensitive variety D27 and the heat-tolerant variety K53 as experimental materials. By combining metabolomic analysis with physiological measurements of carbon and nitrogen metabolism, we investigated the differential responses of these two watermelon cultivars to heat stress. The results revealed seven common differential metabolites under heat stress, while 26 distinct differential metabolites were identified between the two heat-tolerant cultivars. The alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolic pathways were significantly activated, and the levels of L-aspartate and L-glutamate were markedly upregulated. In terms of carbon metabolism, the heat-tolerant variety K53 exhibited significantly increased contents of soluble sugars, sucrose, fructose, and starch, whereas heat-sensitive variety D27 showed a decrease in starch content. Regarding nitrogen metabolism, heat inhibited nitrate reductase activity; in the heat-sensitive variety D27, significant accumulation of ammonium nitrogen occurred, whereas in the heat-tolerant variety K53, ammonium nitrogen accumulation was reduced through the maintenance of high glutamate synthase activity(GOGAT), and the GS/GOGAT cycle exhibited greater stability. In conclusion, this study reveals that differential regulation of amino acid metabolism and carbon-nitrogen metabolism constitutes key metabolic pathways underlying watermelon heat tolerance, and that the stability of the GS/GOGAT cycle represents an important heat-tolerance mechanism. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the breeding of heat-tolerant watermelon varieties and the enhancement of agricultural productivity.

Key words: Citrullus lanatus, Heat stress, Metabolomics, Carbon and nitrogen metabolism

中图分类号:

S651

许玲兴, 张梁葛, 李爱, 邓文, 郎俊凯, 朱佳伟, 张卫华. 高温胁迫下不同耐热型西瓜幼苗的代谢组学及碳氮代谢的作用机制[J]. 华北农学报, 2026, 41(5): 63-73. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196899.

XU Lingxing, ZHANG Liangge, LI Ai, DENG Wen, LANG Junkai, ZHU Jiawei, ZHANG Weihua. Metabolomics and Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolism Mechanisms of Different Heat-Tolerant Watermelon Seedlings under Heat Stress[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2026, 41(5): 63-73. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20196899.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2026/V41/I5/63

图/表 6

图1 热敏感和耐热型西瓜幼苗高温胁迫后叶片代谢物分析 A.不同自交系高温胁迫后的代谢物分类饼状图;B.不同高温处理时间下的代谢物的主成分分析;C.不同自交系高温胁迫后的代谢物韦恩图;D.不同高温处理时间下的代谢物韦恩图。

Fig.1 Analysis of leaf metabolites in heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant watermelon seedlings under heat stress A.Pie chart showing the classification of metabolites after heat stress in different inbred lines;B.Principal component analysis of metabolites under different heat treatment times;C.Venn diagram of metabolites after heat stress in different inbred lines;D.Venn diagram of metabolites under different heat treatment times.

图2 热敏感和耐热型在高温胁迫后西瓜幼苗叶片代谢物聚类分析

Fig.2 Cluster analysis of metabolites in leaves of watermelon seedlings after heat stress of heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant types

图3 热敏感和耐热型在高温胁迫后西瓜幼苗叶片代谢途径

Fig.3 Leaf metabolic pathways of heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant watermelon seedlings after heat stress

图4 热敏感和耐热型西瓜在高温胁迫后各处理组合KEGG分类图

Fig.4 KEGG classification diagram of heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant watermelon treatment combinations after heat stress

图5 热敏感和耐热型西瓜高温胁迫后糖、淀粉含量及碳代谢关键酶活性的变化不同小写字母表示不同处理时间不同自交系的比较存在显著差异(P<0.05)。图6同。

Fig.5 Changes in sugar and starch content and key enzyme activities of carbon metabolism in heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant watermelon under heat stress Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the comparison of different inbred lines with different treatment times(P<0.05). The same as Fig.6.

图6 热敏感和耐热型西瓜高温胁迫后氮含量及氮代谢关键酶活性的变化

Fig.6 Changes in nitrogen content and key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism in heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant watermelon varieties under heat stress

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