摘要：

旨在探究饲粮中不同含量葡萄渣对肉牛血清抗氧化指标、血液中的代谢物及代谢通路的影响,以期从日粮角度提升肉牛的抗氧化功能与生产性能提供理论依据。选取12月龄、健康状况良好的西门塔尔肉牛20头,随机分为4组,每组5个重复。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮上分别添加10%(A组)、20%(B组)和30%(C组)的葡萄渣,为期40 d。试验结束后,测定每头牛的血清抗氧化指标、并进行代谢组学分析。饲粮中添加20%(B组)的葡萄渣可显著提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)值,同时显著降低了过氧化氢酶(CAT)值;添加30%(C组)的葡萄渣极显著提高SOD值,同时也显著提高总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)值。与对照组相比,C组(30%)的代谢组学分析发现,有16种差异代谢物被上调,其中富马酸、磷脂酰胆碱、磷脂酰乙醇胺、4-氯硫脲酸和含不饱和双键的化合物等5种代谢物可直接参与抗氧化功能;下调的14种差异代谢物中,其中参与抗氧化作用的包括没食子酸甲酯、L-苯丙氨酸甜菜碱和N,N-二乙基-4-羟基苯甲酰胺等。通过KEGG通路富集,与抗氧化反应相关的6条通路分别是氨基酸代谢、氧化磷酸化、脂质代谢途径、ABC转运蛋白通路、辅因子和维生素及能量代谢途径上。结果表明,饲粮中添加30%的葡萄渣能够显著提高西门塔尔肉牛的氧化抗氧化指标SOD和T-AOC值,并通过调节富马酸和没食子酸甲酯等代谢物,影响氨基酸等代谢通路,从而增强肉牛的抗氧化能力。

关键词: 西门塔尔肉牛, 葡萄渣, 抗氧化, 代谢组学

Abstract:

It aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of grape pomace in feed on serum antioxidant indicators,blood metabolites,and metabolic pathways in beef cattle,with the goal of providing theoretical support for enhancing antioxidant function and production performance through dietary intervention.Twenty healthy 12-month-old Simmental beef cattle were randomly divided into four groups,each with five replicates.The control group received a basal diet,while experimental groups were fed basal diets supplemented with 10%(Group A),20%(Group B),and 30%(Group C)grape pomace for 40 days.At the end of the trial,serum antioxidant parameters were measured for each animal,and metabolomic analysis was conducted.Adding 20% grape pomace(Group B)significantly increased superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity while markedly decreasing catalase(CAT)activity.Adding 30% grape pomace(Group C)extremely significantly increased SOD levels and significantly elevated total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)levels.Compared to the control group,metabolomic analysis of Group C(30%)revealed 16 differentially upregulated metabolites.Among these,five metabolites-fumaric acid,phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, 4-chlorothiourea acid, and compounds containing unsaturated double bonds.Among the 14 downregulated differential metabolites,those involved in antioxidant functions included methyl gallate,L-phenylalanine betaine,and N,N-diethyl-4-hydroxybenzamide.KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified six pathways associated with antioxidant responses:amino acid metabolism,oxidative phosphorylation,lipid metabolism,ABC transporter pathways,cofactors and vitamins,and energy metabolism.The results indicate that supplementing the diet with 30% grape pomace significantly enhances the oxidative-antioxidant indicators SOD and T-AOC in Simmental beef cattle.This effect is achieved by regulating metabolites such as fumaric acid and methyl gallate,thereby influencing metabolic pathways including amino acid metabolism and ultimately boosting the cattle's antioxidant capacity.

Key words: Simmental, Grape pomace, Antioxidant, Metabolomics

中图分类号: 

• S853