小麦春化作用研究进展及展望

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195114

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

春化是冬小麦生长发育过程中特有且必需的生理阶段,决定了冬小麦的生态适应性和产量。本研究简要概述了冬小麦春化作用的生产应用价值;通过对小麦春化作用关键基因TaVRN1、TaVRN2和TaVRN3的结构、功能及其调控网络进行总结分析,认为研究TaVRN1的表观遗传学调控是小麦春化作用机制解析的核心工作;结合现有的TaVRN1表达调控的研究,重点介绍了小麦春化需求差异的成因,冬季长期低温感知的机制,春化后越冬记忆及越冬记忆重置的研究进展,以及春化作用对小麦耐寒性调控、小穗发育、分蘖等农艺性状的影响。此外,本研究针对春化作用中未解决的科学问题进行了总结,并且对小麦春化作用未来的研究方向进行了讨论,为小麦高产快速育种的研究提供了参考建议。

关键词: 小麦, 春化作用, 表观修饰, 穗发育, 耐寒性, 分蘖

Abstract:

Vernalization is a unique and necessary physiological stage in the growth and development of winter wheat,which determines the ecological adaptability and yield of winter wheat.This paper briefly summarizes the production and application value of vernalization of winter wheat.By summarizing and analyzing the structure and function of the key genes TaVRN1,TaVRN2 and TaVRN3 in wheat vernalization and their regulatory networks,it is believed that the study of epigenetic regulation of TaVRN1 is the core work of wheat vernalization mechanism analysis.Combined with the existing research on the expression regulation of TaVRN1,the causes of the difference in vernalization demand of wheat,the mechanism of long-term low temperature perception in winter,the research progress of overwintering memory and overwintering memory reset after vernalization,and the effect of vernalization on the regulation of cold tolerance,spikelet development,tillering and other agronomic traits of wheat were mainly introduced.In addition,this study summarizes the unsolved scientific problems in vernalization,and discusses the future research direction of wheat vernalization,which provides reference suggestions for the research of high yield and rapid breeding of wheat.

Key words: Wheat, Vernalization, Epigenetic modification, Spikelet development, Cold resistance, Tillering

乔巧, 林平, 曹少雪, 纪军. 小麦春化作用研究进展及展望[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(S1): 45-52. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195114.

QIAO Qiao, LI Ping, CAO Shaoxue, JI Jun. Research Progress and Prospect of Wheat Vernalization[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 45-52. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195114.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/IS1/45

图/表 1

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名称 Name	春化温度/℃ Vernalization temperature	春化时长/d Duration of vernalization	主要分布地区 Main distribution areas
强冬性小麦Strong-winterness wheat	0~5	≥50	华北北部地区
冬性小麦Winterness wheat	0~5	40~50	华北地区
半冬性小麦Semi-winterness wheat	0~7	20~30	黄淮冬麦区
春性小麦Springness wheat	8~15	0~15	东北地区和西北地区

名称 Name	春化温度/℃ Vernalization temperature	春化时长/d Duration of vernalization	主要分布地区 Main distribution areas
强冬性小麦Strong-winterness wheat	0~5	≥50	华北北部地区
冬性小麦Winterness wheat	0~5	40~50	华北地区
半冬性小麦Semi-winterness wheat	0~7	20~30	黄淮冬麦区
春性小麦Springness wheat	8~15	0~15	东北地区和西北地区

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