摘要： 为了探索大量元素（氮、磷、钾）和微量元素（锌、硼）及其互作对大豆产量及生长的影响，利用二次通用旋转组合设计，研究了不同水平的尿素（折合N：0，30，60，90，120 kg/hm²）、过磷酸钙（折合P：0，35，70，105，140 kg/hm²）、硫酸钾（折合K₂O：0，35，70，105，140 kg/hm²）、硫酸锌（ZnSO₄：0，0.38，0.77，1.15，1.54 kg/hm²）、纯品硼（0，0.38，0.77，1.15，1.54）5种肥料运筹对大豆品种石豆412的作用。结果表明：在一定条件下，增施磷肥可极显著提高株高、单株粒数和单株粒质量；增施锌肥可显著提高产量、单株粒数、单株粒质量；氮磷互作对单株粒质量影响显著；锌硼互作对单株粒数、单株粒质量影响显著。综上所述，在本研究涉及考察性状中，株高、单株粒数、单株粒质量、产量4个性状，受到以上肥料或互作影响显著或极显著；主茎节数、有效荚数、百粒质量3个性状受到以上肥料或互作影响未达到显著水平。若以大豆高产为生产目的，建议在大豆花荚期叶面喷施0.4%硫酸锌溶液385 kg/hm²，可显著提高大豆产量。

关键词: 肥料运筹, 大豆, 产量, 生长规律

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of major elements (nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium) and trace elements (zinc,boron) and their interactions on soybean yield and growth,a quadratic general rotation combination design was used. The effects of different levels of urea (Equivalent to N:0,30,60,90,120 kg/ha),superphosphate (Equivalent to P:0,35,70,105,140 kg/ha),potas sium sulfate (Equivalent to K₂O:0,35,70,105,140 kg/ha),zinc sulfate (ZnSO₄:0,0.38,0.77,1.15,1.54 kg/ha),pure boron (0,0.38,0.77,1.15,1.54 kg/ha) and their interactive on the soybean variety Shidou 412 were studied. The results showed that under certain conditions,the application of phosphorus fertilizer could highly significantly increase the plant height,the seeds number per plant and the seed weight per plant; the application of zinc fertilizer could significantly increase the yield,the seeds number per plant,the seed weight per plant. The interactions of nitrogen and phosphorus had significant effects on the seed weight per plant; the interaction of zinc and boron had significant effects on the seed number per plant and the seed weight per plant. In summary,the plant height,the seed number per plant,the seed weight per plant,the yield were significantly or highly significantly affected by the above fertilizers or their interactions; The node number of main stem,the effective pods number per plant and the 100-seed weight were not significantly affected by the above fertilizers and their interactions. If the high yield of soybean is used for production purposes,it is recommended to spray 385 kg/ha of 0.4% zinc sulfate solution on the leaf surface of soybean flower pods,which can significantly increase soybean yield.

Key words: Fertilizer application, Soybean, Yield, Growth law

中图分类号: 

• S143