摘要： 为了研究不同耕作深度条件下调控水肥配比对玉米养分及产量的影响，共设16个试验处理，对玉米各器官的氮、磷、钾分配以及产量构成因素进行分析。结果表明，在相同水肥条件下，耕作深度30 cm处理的产量均高于耕作深度20 cm，产量最大的处理是A₁M₂W₃，为9 950 kg/hm²，较A₁M₁W₀的产量增加了46.32%。玉米各器官的氮素积累量大小顺序为籽粒 > 叶 > 茎秆 > 根，茎秆、根中氮素含量最高的是处理A₁M₂W₃，籽粒、叶中的氮素积累量最大的是处理A₁M₂W₂，磷素在各器官内的积累量高低依次是：籽粒 > 叶 > 茎秆 > 根。各器官钾素的积累量大小顺序为茎秆 > 籽粒 > 叶 > 根，各器官钾素含量最高的处理是A₁M₂W₃。钾素含量最高的处理是A₁M₂W₃，最低的处理是A₂M₁W₀。当耕作深度与有机肥同一水平（A₁M₂）时，各处理的产量随水分的增加而增加，籽粒中氮素的含量占整个玉米植株氮素含量的百分比分别是49.57%，49.29%，45.21%，43.82%，磷素分别是43.61%，36.69%，43.31%，40.88%，钾素分别是26.05%，29.27%，28.65%，27.79%。不同耕作深度条件下调控合适的水肥配比对玉米的产量有显著影响，在相同的水肥水平调控下，耕作深度30 cm较深度20 cm提高了玉米的生物产量，提高了玉米各器官的氮磷钾素积累量，在耕作深度30 cm、水分在70%、有机肥施用7 500 kg/hm²时，玉米对氮、磷、钾的吸收积累量最大，产量最高。深翻能改变土壤结构，促进作物对水分养分的吸收，促进玉米根系生长，增强了根系吸收水分、养分的能力，提高玉米对养分的吸收积累促进玉米的生长发育。

关键词: 耕作深度, 水肥耦合, 玉米养分积累, 产量

Abstract: In order to study the effects of water and fertilizer ratio on maize nutrient and yield under different tillage depth,16 experimental treatments were designed to analyze the nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium distribution and yield components of maize organs. The results showed that under the same water and fertilizer conditions,the yield of 30 cm of tillage depth was higher than the depth of cultivation of 20 cm, the maximum yield of treatment was A₁M₂W₃,the maximum yield was 9 950 kg/ha,which increased 46.32% than that of A₁M₁W₀.Nitrogen accumulation in various organs of maize,the order of quantity was grain > leaf > stalk > root. Nitrogen content in stalk and root was the highest in treatment A₁M₂W₃, and nitrogen accumulation in grain and leaf was the highest in treatment A₁M₂W₂. The order of phosphorus accumulation in each organ was:grain > leaf > stalk > root. The order of potassium accumulation in each organ was stem > grain > stalk > root. The highest potassium content in each organ was A₁M₂W₃. When the tillage depth was the same as that of organic fertilizer(A₁M₂),the yield of each treatment increased with the increased of water content.The percentage of nitrogen content in grain to the whole corn plant nitrogen content was 49.57%,49.29%,45.21%,43.82%.The amount of phosphorus was 43.61%,36.69%,43.31%,40.88% and the amount of potassium was 26.05%,29.27%,28.65%,27.79%.Under different tillage depth,proper water and fertilizer ratio had a significant effect on maize yield. Under the control of water and fertilizer level,the tillage depth 30 cm increased the biological yield of maize and the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in all organs of maize compared with the depth of 20 cm. At the tillage depth of 30 cm and the moisture value of 70%,the absorption and accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in maize were the largest when 7 500 kg/ha was applied to organic fertilizer. Deep rotation can change the soil structure,promote the absorption of water and nutrients by crops,promote the growth of maize roots,enhance the ability of roots to absorb water and nutrients,and improve the absorption and accumulation of nutrients to promote the growth and development of maize.

Key words: Tillage depth, Water and fertilizer coupling, Maize nutrient accumulation, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S152.7

• S143.1