摘要： 为了探究外源钙对盐碱地花生生长的影响作用，以花育25为试材，采用盆栽方法，研究盐碱土与非盐碱土2种类型土壤上施用外源钙对花生农艺性状和光合特性的影响及影响差异。结果表明，与非盐碱土相比，盐碱土上花生的主茎高、侧枝长、叶面积指数、叶绿素SPAD值、净光合速率均受到严重抑制从而导致产量降低。非盐碱土施用外源钙会提高花生叶面积指数（LAI）峰值，并提高荚果期后花生叶片净光合速率（Pn）、SPAD值及叶面积指数（LAI），具有延缓花生衰老的作用；盐碱土花生施用外源钙不仅延缓了荚果期之后叶片的衰老，并于荚果期之前减小了叶片SPAD值降幅，提高净光合速率最大达55%，从而增加盐碱土花生地上部分的干物质积累，外源钙用量为52.2 kg/hm²时作用不明显，仅对花生株高有促进作用，随着外源钙用量增加花生植株地上部干物质积累量及其最大生长速率大幅提高，且增加了花生荚果的出米率，使产量得到提高。此试验条件下，以外源钙用量为156.6 kg/hm²时花生产量提高43%，效果最佳。研究结果可为盐碱地花生生产实践中钙肥的合理使用提供理论依据。

关键词: 花生, 钙, 盐碱地, 光合速率, 农艺性状, 产量

Abstract: In order to explore the effect of exogenous calcium on peanut planting in saline-alkali soil,Huayu 25 had been used as experimental material to study the effects of exogenous calcium on the agronomic traits and photosynthetic characteristics of saline-alkali soil and non-saline-alkali soil. The results showed that the main stem height,lateral branch length,leaf area index,SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of peanut in saline-alkali soil were severely inhibited compared with non-saline-alkali soil. The application of exogenous calcium to non-saline-alkali soil increased the peak of leaf area index (LAI) of peanut and increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn),SPAD value and leaf area index (LAI) of peanut leaves after pod setting phase,which could delay the senescence of peanut.The application of exogenous calcium to saline-alkali soil not only delayed the senescence of peanut after pod setting phase,but also reduced the degree of leaf SPAD value and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 55% before pod setting phase. When the amount of exogenous calcium was 52.2 kg/ha,the effect was not obvious,only to promote the growth of peanut plant height,with the increased of exogenous calcium application,the biological accumulation and its maximum growth velocity increased significantly,thereby increasing peanut kernel percent and yield. Under the experimental conditions,when the amount of exogenous calcium was 156.6 kg/ha,the yield of peanut increased by 43%. The results of this study would provide a theoretical basis for the rational use of calcium fertilizer in the practice of peanut production in saline-alkali soil.

Key words: Peanut, Calcium, Saline-alkali soil, Photosynthetic rate, Agronomic traits, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S529.01