植物调节剂分期施用对玉米籽粒胚乳及淀粉粒发育的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.06.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究外源植物生长调节剂对籽粒充实过程的影响，利用胚乳细胞数目计数、淀粉粒度分析等方法对玉米自交系B73籽粒的发育过程进行了探究。主要探讨了拔节期喷施乙烯利以及吐丝期喷施生长调节剂对籽粒灌浆过程、胚乳细胞发育以及淀粉粒发育的影响。结果表明：拔节期喷施乙烯利之后在DAP 20灌浆速率与对照组相比下降约17.7%，在DAP 44玉米籽粒百粒质量与对照组相比下降约11.3%。在DAP 12，乙烯利处理之后的胚乳细胞数目与对照组相比显著下降22.9%，且淀粉粒在胚乳细胞面积为IV、V和VI范围内的胚乳细胞内的数目显著减少。在授粉后不同时期乙烯利处理组（处理B）中的淀粉粒直径的分布范围与对照组中淀粉粒直径的分布范围显著差异。在吐丝期搭配使用脱落酸（Abscisic acid，ABA）（处理E）的胚乳细胞数目和淀粉粒分布与处理B结果差异不显著。搭配使用1-甲基环丙烯（1-Methylcyclopropene，1-MCP）（处理C）或者6-苄氨基嘌呤（6-Benzylaminopurine，6-BA）（处理D）后，与处理B相比提高了百粒质量、籽粒灌浆速率、淀粉粒的直径分布范围以及胚乳细胞内的淀粉粒数目，其中处理D中玉米百粒质量和淀粉粒数目与对照组差异不显著。该结果可以为进一步研究调节剂在玉米上的应用提供一些理论依据。

关键词: 玉米, 乙烯利, 胚乳细胞, 淀粉粒, 1-MCP, 6-BA, ABA

Abstract: In order to study the effect of exogenous plant growth regulators on maize grain filling, maize inbred line B73 was used by some approaches such as cell counting and starch granule particle analysis to analyze the process of endosperm development of kernels. The main work focused on the development of grain filling, endosperm cells and starch granules after ethephon treatment in jointing stage and in combination with some plant regulators in silking stage. It was found that the grain filling rate in DAP 20 dropped by almost 17.7% in the ethephon treated plant, the 100-kernel weight in the ethephon treated plant decreased by 11.3% in contrast to the control plant in DAP 44. The endosperm cell number in the ethephon treated plant decreased significantly 22.9% compared with the control plant in DAP 12 and the starch granule number with the endosperm area of IV, V and VI in ethephon treated plant dropped notably. The starch granule diameter distribution in the ethephon treated plant (Treatment B) changed significantly in different stages after pollination compared with the control plant. The endosperm cell number and starch granule distribution showed nearly no difference in ethylene treatment in combination with abscisic acid treatment (Treatment E) in silking stage and in treatment B. Compared with the treatment B, the 100-kernel weight, the grain filling rate, the starch granule diameter distribution and the starch granule number per endosperm were all improved in some degree after ethylene treatment and with the compounding of 1-MCP (Treatment C) or 6-BA(Treatment D). The 100-kernel weight and the starch granule number per endosperm in treatment D were consistent with the control plant. This experiment provided a foundation for further research on exogenous plant growth regulators used in maize.

Key words: Maize, Ethephon, Endosperm cell, Starch granule, 1-MCP, 6-BA, ABA

中图分类号:

S513.01

刘晓庆, 詹延廷, 王月, 王萍, 殷诗凯, 韩彩霞, 董学会. 植物调节剂分期施用对玉米籽粒胚乳及淀粉粒发育的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2018, 33(6): 137-144. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.06.019.

LIU Xiaoqing, ZHAN Yanting, WANG Yue, WANG Ping, YIN Shikai, HAN Caixia, DONG Xuehui. Effect of Some Plant Growth Regulators Used by Stages Treatments on Endosperm Cell and Starch Granule in Maize Endosperm Development[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2018, 33(6): 137-144. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.2018.06.019.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2018/V33/I6/137

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