摘要： 针对山西省干旱少雨气候特点、大豆产量突破比较困难的现状，通过滚动筛选，对18份产量突出的不同生态类型大豆种质进行产量相关性状研究，以期为高产、超高产育种提供理论依据。对参试材料采用聚类分析，划分生态类型；用主成分分析法和相关性对其进行综合评价。结果表明，在欧氏距离OD=5.54处将其分为4类：第1类为多分枝结荚类型；第2类为中等分枝结荚类型；第3类为披针叶少分枝结荚类型；第4类为椭圆叶少分枝结荚类型。不同生态类型大豆种质产量与分枝数和三粒荚数呈显著正相关，与单株质量、二粒荚数、荚粒质量、粒质量和茎秆质量、总荚数、总粒数呈极显著正相关。不同分枝类型的大豆种质随密度变化，其产量达到最高值的点不尽相同，其中，多分枝类型的产量随着密度的增加呈升-降-升的变化趋势，密度为24万株/hm²时达到最高点；中等分枝类型的产量随着密度增加呈升-降-升-降的趋势，密度为12，21万株/hm²时呈现2个峰值，12万株/hm²达到最高点；披针叶和椭圆叶的寡分枝类型产量随着密度的增加呈降-升-降的变化趋势，椭圆叶型密度为15万株/hm²时达到最高点，披针叶型密度为18万株/hm²时达到最高点。大豆高产、超高产育种应该关注多荚粒材料的应用和不同生态类型大豆材料的合理密度。

关键词: 大豆, 产量, 生态类型, 聚类分析, 相关分析

Abstract: To overcome the difficulty of soybean's production in Shanxi Province,the relationship between main agronomic characters and yield of 18 new soybean varieties with different ecological types was studied,so as to provide theoretical basis for breeding for high yield and super high yield.The cluster analysis was used to classify the ecological types.The principal component analysis and correlation were used to evaluate the agronomic characters.The results showed that the 18 varieties were divided into 4 categories with cluster analysis in the Euclidean distance at OD=5.54:The first kind was the multi-branch pods type; The second was the middle branch pod type; The third was the lanceolate leaves less branching pod type; The fourth was oval leaves less branching pod type. The yield of soybean germplasm of different ecological types was significant positively correlated with branch number and three pods number, and highly significant positively correlated with plant weight, two pods number, pod weight, grain weight, stem weight, total pods and total number of grains. The yield of soybean germplasm with different branch types varied with the density, and the highest yield reached different points. The yield of multi-branch type increased-decreased-increased with the increase of density, and reached the highest point when the density was 240 000 plants/ha. The yield of medium branch type showed a trend of ascending-descending-ascending-descending with the increase of density, and reached two peaks at the density of 120 000, 210 000 plants/ha, and reached the highest point at 120 000 plants/ha. The yield of small branch type of conifer and elliptical leaf showed a descending-ascending-descending change with the increase of density, the highest point was reached when the density of elliptical leaf type was 150 000 plants/ha, and the highest point was reached when the density of conifer leaf type was 180 000 plants/ha. High-yield and super-high-yield soybean breeding should pay attention to the application of multi-pod materials and reasonable density of soybean materials of different ecological types.

Key words: Soybean, Yield, Ecological type, Cluster analysis, Correlation analysis

中图分类号: 

• S565.01